Modeling Impact Breaching of Europa's Ice Crust

Modeling Impact Breaching of Europa's Ice Crust

Life on Europa may have been sparked by COMETS: Rocks carrying biological material could have penetrated the moon's thick crust to reach the oceans beneath
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3273914/Life-Europa-sparked-COMETS-Rocks-carrying-biological-material-penetrated-moon-s-crust-reach-oceans-beneath.html

The paper is:

Cox, R. and Bauer, A.W., 2015. Impact breaching of Europa's ice:
Constraints from numerical modeling. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Planets, 120(10), pp.1708-1719.
https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~awb/data/Cox_et_al-2015-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Planets.pdf
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Impact-Breaching-of-Europa-s-Ice-Constraints-from-Cox-Bauer/724dfc775b2e1d4e8e651261f49083743e9f6bbd

https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~awb/data/Cox_et_al-2015-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Planets.pdf

Another paper is:

Cox, R., *Ong, L.C.F., Arakawa, M., and *Scheider, K.C., 2008
Impact penetration of Europa’s ice crust as a mechanism for
formation of chaos terrain, Meteoritics and Planetary Science,
v. 43 (12), p. 2027-2048.
http://sites.williams.edu/rcox/publications/
http://sites.williams.edu/rcox/files/2013/01/Cox_EtAl_2008_MAPS.pdf

Yours,

Paul H.