Fairy Circles Found in Western Australia And Eelgrass Fairy Rings Found in Baltic Sea

Fairy Circles Found in Western Australia And Eelgrass Fairy Rings Found in Baltic Sea

Some examples of self-organizing features that create natural circles.

Fairy circles found in Australian outback March 15, 2016
by Bob Yirka, Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research
https://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=36336&webc_pm=11/2016 ,
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160315090116.htm , and
http://phys.org/news/2016-03-fairy-circles-australian-outback.html

Dragons, aliens, bugs? Scientists may have solved the mystery
of the desert’s ‘fairy circles’ by Sarah Kaplan, Washington
Post, March 15, 2016
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/15/dragons-aliens-bugs-scientists-may-have-solved-the-mystery-of-the-deserts-fairy-circles/

Once thought to exist only in Namibia, circles spotted 6,200
miles away are helping sort out how these odd features form,
Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/mysterious-fairy-circles-have-been-found-western-australia-180958407/

The paper is:

Getzin, S., H. Yizhaq, B. Bell, T. E. Erickson, A. C. Postle, I. Katra,
O. Tzuk, Y. R. Zelnik, K. Wiegand, T. Wiegand, and E. Meron,
2016, Discovery of fairy circles in Australia supports self-
organization theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, March 2016; 201522130 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522130113
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/09/1522130113

Another paper is:

Getzin, S., K. Wiegand, T. Wiegand1, H. Yizhaq, J. von Hardenberg,
and E. Meron. 2015, Adopting a spatially explicit perspective to
study the mysterious fairy circles of Namibia. Ecography.
vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 1–11.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.00911/abstract

Also, there is:

Mysterious ocean circles off the Baltic coast explained,
University of Southern Denmark, January 30, 2014
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140130102040.htm

The paper is:

Borum, J. Ane L. Raun, H. Hasler-Sheetal, M. O. Pedersen,
O. Pedersen, and M. Holmer, 2013, Eelgrass fairy rings: sulfide as
inhibiting agent. Marine Biology. vol. 161, No. 2, pp. 351-358.
351 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-013-2340-3
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-013-2340-3

PDF file at:
http://www.bio-web.dk/ole_pedersen/pdf/Marine%20Biology%202014%20(Eegrass%20fairy%20rings).pdf

Yours,

Paul H.

Free Online Publications About Oldest Putative (Circa 3.4 Ga) Stromatolites

Free Online Publications About Oldest Putative (Circa 3.4 Ga) Stromatolites

Beautifully illustrated publications about the
Strelley Pool Formation and Apex Chert and the
putative oldest Precambrian (3.4 Ga) stromatolites
that they contain are available for free online as
PDF files. These publications are well-illustrated
with color figures, maps, and pictures.

Brasier, M. D., O. R. Green, J. F. Lindsay, N.
McLoughlin, C. A. Stoakes, A. T. Brasier, and D.
Wacey, 2011, Geology and putative microfossil
assemblage of the c. 3460 Ma Apex Chert,
China Creek, Western Australia : a field
and petrographic guide. Record no. 2011/7,
Geological Survey of Western Australia.
http://www.academia.edu/707534/Geology_and_putative_Microfossil_Assemblage_of_the_3460Ma_Apex_Chert_Western_Australia_-_a_Field_and_Petrographic_Guide

PDF file also found using “Apex Chert” in search
page at: http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/GSWApublications

Wacey, D., N. McLoughlin, C. Stoakes, M. R. Kilbrun
O. R. Green, and M. D. Brasier, 2010, The 3426-3350
Ma Strelley Pool Formation in the East Strelley
Greenstone Belt: a field and petrographic guide. Record
no. 2010/10, Geological Survey of Western Australia.,
Perth, Australia. 64 pp.
http://www.academia.edu/436814/The_3426-3350_Ma_Strelley_Pool_Formation_in_the_East_Strelley_Greenstone_Belt_-_A_Field_and_Petrographic_Guide

PDF file found using “Strelley Pool” in search page at:
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/GSWApublications

Hickman, A. H., 2008, Regional Review of the 3426-
3350 Ma Strelley Pool Formation, Pilbara Craton, Western
Australia. Record no. 2008/05, Geological Survey of
Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 27 pp.

PDF file found using “Strelley Pool” in search page at:
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/GSWApublications

Allwood, A., 2007, Stratigraphy and facies of the 3.43
Ga Strelley Pool Chert. Record no. 2008/05, Geological
Survey of Western Australia. Record no. 2007/11,
Geological Survey of Western Australia. Perth, Australia.
27 pp.

PDF file found using “Strelley Pool” in search page at:
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/GSWApublications

Yours,

Paul H.

Unique Crystals - Putnisite - Western Australia

Unique Crystals - Putnisite - Western Australia

Unique Crystals: Newfound Mineral Is Like No Other
Apr 28, 2014 02:00 PM ET // by Jeanna Bryner, DiscoveryNews
http://news.discovery.com/earth/rocks-fossils/unique-crystals-newfound-mineral-is-like-no-other-140428.htm

Unique Crystals: Newfound Purple-Pink Mineral Is
Like No Other, Livescience, April 28, 2014.
http://www.livescience.com/45175-unique-putnisite-mineral-discovered.html

The paper is:

Elliott, P., G. Giester, R. Rowe, and A. Pring, 2014,
Putnisite, SrCa4Formula (CO3)8SO4(OH)16·25H2O,
a new mineral from Western Australia: description
and crystal structure Mineralogical Magazine.
vol. 78, pp. 131-144, doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.10
http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/78/1/131.abstract?sid=97893031-5041-4b8e-a0d1-d8a7753bae1a

Yours,

Paul H.

Three-Billion-Year-Old Plankton (Western Australia)

Three-Billion-Year-Old Plankton (Western Australia)

Three-Billion-Year-Old Microfossils Include Plankton
Science Daily, June 6, 2013
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130606155123.htm

Plankton fossils found in 3 billion-year-old rocks, Penn State News
http://news.psu.edu/story/278723/2013/06/06/research/3-billion-year-old-microfossils-include-plankton
http://www.futurity.org/science-technology/plankton-fossils-found-in-3-billion-year-old-rocks/

House, C. H., D. Z. Oehler, K. Sugitani, K. Mimura, 2013,
Carbon isotopic analyses of ca. 3.0 Ga microstructures imply
planktonic autotrophs inhabited Earth's early oceans.
Geology. vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 651-654. DOI: 10.1130/G34055.1
http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2013/03/26/G34055.1.abstract

Yours,

Paul H.