New Research Strengthens Asteroid Impact as Cause of Dinosaur Extinctions
Fresh Clues In Dinosaur Whodunit Point To Asteroid
by Adam Cole, All Things Consdiered, February 7, 2013
http://www.npr.org/2013/02/07/171170142/fresh-clues-in-dinosaur-whodunit-point-to-asteroid
Asteroid Impact That Killed the Dinosaurs: New
Evidence. LiveScience.com, February 6, 2012
http://www.livescience.com/26933-chicxulub-cosmic-impact-dinosaurs.html
New Evidence Strengthens Argument That Dinosaurs
Died As Result of Asteroid Impact (New study says
cosmic impact, dinosaur extinction were 'synchronous
events') by Jason Koebler, US News,
http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/02/07/new-evidence-strengthens-argument-that-dinosaurs-died-as-result-of-asteroid-impact
After the Dinosaurs Died This Furball Started the Next
Big Thing, Wired news, February 8, 2013
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/02/mammals-and-dinosaurs/
The papers are,
Palike, H. 2013, Impact and Extinction. Science.
vol. 339 no. 6120 pp. 655-656
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6120/655.summary
Renne, P. R., a. L. Deino, F. J. Hilgen, K. F. Kuiper,
D. F. Mark, W. S. Mitchell III, L. E. Morgan, R. Mundil,
and J. Smit, 2013, Time Scales of Critical Events
Around the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary. Science.
vol. 339, no. 6120, pp,. 684-687.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6120/684.abstract
O'Leary, M. A., J. I. Bloch, J. J. Flynn, and many others, 2013,
The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation
of Placentals. Science. vol. 339, no. 6120, pp. 662-667
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6120/662.abstract
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Tuesday, 12 February 2013
Geological Survey of Canada fails to return piece of meteorite he discovered
Geological Survey of Canada fails to return piece of meteorite he discovered
In “Geological Survey of Canada fails to return piece of meteorite he discovered” at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110706.html
MikeG wrote:
“I am a bit confused here. I didn't see the name of the meteorite
mentioned in the article, only that it was found in the Yukon in
1986. Is this an unclassified fall or find?”
It is an unclassified find. According to the news articles, the
Canadian Geological Survey geologists have determined that
it is a meteorite.
MikeG stated.
“Also, a $1000 payout for a 243g meteorite works out to a mere
$4/g - which is pretty good for a highly-weathered ordinary
chondrite find. But a fresher, recent fall should fetch more than that.”
According to the below article, that was the lower end of price
range that Attorney General of Canada Office appraised it as
noted in:
Decade-long disagreement over meteorite back in court
(A more than 10-year battle Daniel Sabo has had with the
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) continued Monday in
the Yukon Court of Appeal.) by Stephanie Waddell, Whitehorse
Daily Star, November 6, 2012
http://www.whitehorsestar.com/archive/story/decade-long-disagreement-over-meteorite-back-in-court/
In this article, Mrs. Waddell wrote,
“While Sabo has estimated the rock’s value at $12.1 million,
Alexander Benitah, who’s representing the Attorney General
of Canada in the case, pointed to estimates that had it come
in between $1,000 and $2,500 based on the evidence of the
GSC.
He argued Sabo’s valuation is based solely on the highest-priced
meteorite Sabo found on the Internet, while the $1,000 to $2,500
is based on the evidence of the GSC.”
Finally, MikeG stated.
“Lastly, the guy sounds like some sort of conspiracy nut who
claimed GSC switched out his meteorite and gave him an
imposter in return. Then he demanded $12 million in damages,
which was denied.”
The below articles are rather revealing of the entire controversy
and Daniel Sabo’s state of mind.
1. Meteorite conspiracy could be on the rocks by Tristin Hopper,
Yukon news, September 12, 2008 http://yukon-news.com/news/9865/
2. A tale of two meteorites by Tristin Hopper Yukon News,
July 18, 2008, http://www.yukon-news.com/sports/9552/
For example, Mr. Sabo believes not only did the Canadian
Geological Survey replaced his meteorite with a carefully sculpted
replica made from another meteorite, but they also gave his
original meteorite to NASA’s Johnson Space Laboratory. He
also claims that the “fusion crust” on the specimen was faked
using “aluminum — embedded with iron particles to simulate
the magnetic properties of magnetite.”
Yours,
Paul H.
In “Geological Survey of Canada fails to return piece of meteorite he discovered” at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110706.html
MikeG wrote:
“I am a bit confused here. I didn't see the name of the meteorite
mentioned in the article, only that it was found in the Yukon in
1986. Is this an unclassified fall or find?”
It is an unclassified find. According to the news articles, the
Canadian Geological Survey geologists have determined that
it is a meteorite.
MikeG stated.
“Also, a $1000 payout for a 243g meteorite works out to a mere
$4/g - which is pretty good for a highly-weathered ordinary
chondrite find. But a fresher, recent fall should fetch more than that.”
According to the below article, that was the lower end of price
range that Attorney General of Canada Office appraised it as
noted in:
Decade-long disagreement over meteorite back in court
(A more than 10-year battle Daniel Sabo has had with the
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) continued Monday in
the Yukon Court of Appeal.) by Stephanie Waddell, Whitehorse
Daily Star, November 6, 2012
http://www.whitehorsestar.com/archive/story/decade-long-disagreement-over-meteorite-back-in-court/
In this article, Mrs. Waddell wrote,
“While Sabo has estimated the rock’s value at $12.1 million,
Alexander Benitah, who’s representing the Attorney General
of Canada in the case, pointed to estimates that had it come
in between $1,000 and $2,500 based on the evidence of the
GSC.
He argued Sabo’s valuation is based solely on the highest-priced
meteorite Sabo found on the Internet, while the $1,000 to $2,500
is based on the evidence of the GSC.”
Finally, MikeG stated.
“Lastly, the guy sounds like some sort of conspiracy nut who
claimed GSC switched out his meteorite and gave him an
imposter in return. Then he demanded $12 million in damages,
which was denied.”
The below articles are rather revealing of the entire controversy
and Daniel Sabo’s state of mind.
1. Meteorite conspiracy could be on the rocks by Tristin Hopper,
Yukon news, September 12, 2008 http://yukon-news.com/news/9865/
2. A tale of two meteorites by Tristin Hopper Yukon News,
July 18, 2008, http://www.yukon-news.com/sports/9552/
For example, Mr. Sabo believes not only did the Canadian
Geological Survey replaced his meteorite with a carefully sculpted
replica made from another meteorite, but they also gave his
original meteorite to NASA’s Johnson Space Laboratory. He
also claims that the “fusion crust” on the specimen was faked
using “aluminum — embedded with iron particles to simulate
the magnetic properties of magnetite.”
Yours,
Paul H.
Monday, 11 February 2013
"Petrified algae"
"Petrified algae"
In “right through the middle! and pet wood” at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000459.html
Tim Fisher wrote:
“I would like to see something concrete about the "petrified
algae". That has long been the explanation for the thick rind
around most of the limbs but I have never seen verification
of this.”
In addition, in “right through the middle! and pet wood” at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000462.html
Pete stated:
“I ditto, would be curious for some verified paleontological
information about the "petrified algae" too.”
I agree with Thomas Yancey’s objections to the term "petrified
algae" in his post "petrified algae" at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000464.html
I did a brief survey of a number of papers about the Green
River Formation. What is called "petrified algae" in previous
posts is often found in some members of it. In a few cases, it is
abundant enough in specific layers that they are recognizable
marker (key) beds within the Green River Formation. The
general terminology used to described the "petrified algae"
varies between “algal encrusted logs,” “algally encrusted logs,”
“tufa-encrusted logs,” and less commonly either “algal encrusted
tufa logs” or “algal-tufa-coated logs.” These logs are often
regarded to have formed within either shallow lake water or
mudflats associated with (forested) shorelines (Buchheim et al.
2011, Bradley 1926, McGrew 1980, McGrew and Casilliano
1975, Oriel and Tracey 1970, National Park service 1988,
Surdam 1979). Koernegay and Surdam (1980) simply state
that “The algal encrusted logs frequently represent a rapid
transgression into a wooded area.” However, the majority
of papers that mention encrusted logs typically lack any
discussion of specifically how the material encrusting them
formed. I suspect that some of the more laterally extensive
accumulations of carbonate encrusted logs, such as the
Blue Forest, might represent what sequence stratigraphers
call “transgressive surfaces.”
Although they do not provide much real detail, two papers,
Loewen et al (1990) and National Park Service (2012).
specifically describe the calcareous material encrusting logs
as consisting either of tufa, “stromatolite material,” or a
mixture of the two. Stromatolite material is defined as
“sediment trapped by cyanophytes (blue-green algae)” and
tufa as an inorganically precipitated crust of carbonate. They
regard the carbonate material encrusting some logs as having
formed as either an inorganic precipitate, as the result of
stromatolite formation for other logs, and for some logs as a
mixture of both organic and inorganic processes. They infer
that the formation of the carbonate crusts on logs required
the logs being submerged in place for a period of time.
Regardless of whether they are tufa, stromatolites, or mixture
of the two, I would not use the term “petrified” because these
crusts are quite likely primary carbonates that have not
been altered by later replacement.
Where these carbonate crusts lack laminations, they might
be properly considered to be thrombolities instead of
stromatolites. Where their origin is uncertain, a more
nongeneric terms, such as “micrite crust,” might be used.
Unfortunately I was not able to find any detailed studies
concerning the formation of the carbonate crusts found
encrusting logs within the Green River Formation. However,
a small detailed study was been made of quite similar
carbonate encrustations of silicified tree trunks in the basal
Purbeck Formation (Upper Jurassic) of southern England.
This study concluded that the encrusting carbonates were
created by microbial carbonate formation involving carbonate
grain trapping along with both the inorganic and organic
precipitation of carbonate. It regarded them as having the
typical features of freshwater tufa stromatolite deposits
(Clites 2005).
Tim Fisher also wrote:
“There are also "petrified termite mounds" just to the SW of
the Blue Forest area that I sincerely doubt are any remnant
of insect nests. I don't have any other explanation, other
than they look like the WY "fossil stromatolites" more than
anything else. Although I haven't seen anything definitive
about those either.”
Unfortunately, without some pictures, it is impossible to
definitively determine what these "petrified termite mounds"
might be. In case of the Green River Formation there are two
distinct possibilities as what they might be. First, as is
suggested above they might be stromatolites mistaken for
"petrified termite mounds." Finally, they might be caddisfly
mounds (bioherms), which occur within the Green River
Formation and form well defined beds and domal structures.
The figures in Leggitt et al. (2007) show fossil Caddisfly-
dominated microbial-carbonate mounds that would be
easy for people to misidentify as "petrified termite mounds."
Leggitt and Cushman (2001) also show caddisfly mounds
(bioherms) are quite similar in size and shape to termite
mounds. Their internal structure would readily be mistaken
for fossil termite mounds by the average lay person.
Fossil termite mounds and nest have been reported from
the Morrsion and Chinle formations of the American
Southwest (Hasiotis and Dubiel 1995, Hasiotis 2004); the
Lower Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa and
Lesotho (Bordy et al. 2009); and the Miocene of Chad
(Duringer et al. 2007). Thus, it is entirely possible that
fossil termite mounds might be found in the Green River
Formation.
Someone should compare the alleged "petrified termite
mounds" to what is published in Leggitt and Cushman
(2001), Leggitt et al. (2007), Hasiotis and Dubiel (1995),
Hasiotis (2004), Bordy et al. (2009), Duringer et al. (2007).
Also, the specific sedimentary facies, in which they are found,
will serve to clarify what they are as the reported fossil
termite mounds are all associated with strata and often
fossil soils that have been interpreted to be subaerial,
floodplain, natural levee, and eolian, in origin.
References Cited
Bordy, E. M., A. Bumby, O. Catuneanu, and P. G. Eriksson,
2009, Possible trace fossils of putative termite origin in the
Lower Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa and
Lesotho. South African Journal of Science. vol. 105,
pp. 356–362.
Buchheim, H. P., R. A. Cushman, Jr., and R. E. Biaggi, 2011,
Stratigraphic revision of the Green River Formation in Fossil
Basin, Wyoming: Overfilled to underfilled lake evolution.
Rocky Mountain Geology. vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 165-181,
Bradley, W. H., 1926, Shore phases of the Green River
Formation in northern Sweetwatt. County, Wyoming.
Professional Paper no. 140-D. U.S. Geological Survey,
Reston, Virginia. 11 pp.
Clives, E. C., 2005, “Burr” stromatolites in the basal Purbeck
Formation (Upper Jurassic of southern England). unpublished
Junior Independent Study paper, The College of Wooster,
Wooster, Ohio. 29 pp.
http://ismanual.voices.wooster.edu/files/2012/12/E_Clites1.pdf
(Also see “The fossil forest: part 1: The geology of the ledge.”
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~imw/Fossil-Forest.htm and
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~imw/Fossil-Forest-Purbeck-Trees.htm )
Duringer, P., M. Schuster, J. F. Genise, H. T. Mackaye, P.
Vignaud, and M. Brunet, 2007, New termite trace fossils:
galleries, nests and fungus combs from the Chad basin of
Africa (upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene). Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. vol. 251, no. 3-4,
pp. 323–353.
Hasiotis S. T., 2004, Reconnaissance of Upper Jurassic
Morrison Formation ichnofossils, Rocky Mountain region, USA:
Environmental, stratigraphic, and climatic significance of
terrestrial and freshwater ichnocoenoses. Sedimentary Geology.
vol. 167, no, 3-4, pp. 277–368.
Hasiotis, S. T., and R. F. Dubiel, 1995, Termite (Insecta: Isoptera)
nest ichnofossils from the Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified
Forest National Park, Arizona. Ichnos. vol. 4, pp. 130–191.
Kornegay, G. L. and R. Surdam, 1980, The Laney Member of
the Green River Formation, Sand Wash Basin, Colorado, and
Its Relationship to Wyoming. in A. Harrison and others, eds.,
pp. 191-204, Stratigraphy of Wyoming : guidebook : 31st annual
field conference, Jackson Hole, Wyoming - Teton Village,
September 6-10, 1980, Wyoming Geological Association,
Casper, Wyoming.
Leggitt, V. M., and R. A. Cushman, 2001,Complex caddisfly-
dominated bioherms from the Eocene Green River
Formation. Sedimentary Geology. vol. 145, no. 3-4,
pp. 377-396.
Leggitt, V. M., R. E Biaggi, H P. Buchheim, 2007,
Palaeoenvironments associated with caddisfly-dominated
microbial-carbonate mounds from the Tipton Shale Member
of the Green River Formation: Eocene Lake Gosiute.
Sedimentology. vol. 54, no. 3, pp.661–699.
Loewen, M. A., V. L. Leggit and H. P. Buchheim, 1990, Caddisfly
(Trichoptera) larval cases from Eocene Fossil Lake. National
Park Service Paleontological Research. no. 4, pp. 72-22.
(Geologic Resources Division Technical Report no.
NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/03)
McGrew, P. O., 1980, An Eocene flamingo nesting area,
Sweetwater County, Wyoming. National Geographic Society
Research Reports. vol. 12, pp. 473–478.
McGrew, P. O., and M. Casilliano, 1975, The geological history
of Fossil Butte National Monument and Fossil Basin. Occasional
Paper no. 3, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
National Park service, 2012, Fossil Butte National Monument:
Geologic Resources Inventory Report. Natural Resource
Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/587, U.S. Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C. 53 pp.
Oriel, S. S., and J. I. Tracey, Jr., 1970, Uppermost Cretaceous
and Tertiary stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, southwestern
Wyoming. Professional Paper no. 635. U.S. Geological Survey,
Reston, Virginia. 53 pp.
Yours,
Paul H.
In “right through the middle! and pet wood” at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000459.html
Tim Fisher wrote:
“I would like to see something concrete about the "petrified
algae". That has long been the explanation for the thick rind
around most of the limbs but I have never seen verification
of this.”
In addition, in “right through the middle! and pet wood” at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000462.html
Pete stated:
“I ditto, would be curious for some verified paleontological
information about the "petrified algae" too.”
I agree with Thomas Yancey’s objections to the term "petrified
algae" in his post "petrified algae" at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-February/000464.html
I did a brief survey of a number of papers about the Green
River Formation. What is called "petrified algae" in previous
posts is often found in some members of it. In a few cases, it is
abundant enough in specific layers that they are recognizable
marker (key) beds within the Green River Formation. The
general terminology used to described the "petrified algae"
varies between “algal encrusted logs,” “algally encrusted logs,”
“tufa-encrusted logs,” and less commonly either “algal encrusted
tufa logs” or “algal-tufa-coated logs.” These logs are often
regarded to have formed within either shallow lake water or
mudflats associated with (forested) shorelines (Buchheim et al.
2011, Bradley 1926, McGrew 1980, McGrew and Casilliano
1975, Oriel and Tracey 1970, National Park service 1988,
Surdam 1979). Koernegay and Surdam (1980) simply state
that “The algal encrusted logs frequently represent a rapid
transgression into a wooded area.” However, the majority
of papers that mention encrusted logs typically lack any
discussion of specifically how the material encrusting them
formed. I suspect that some of the more laterally extensive
accumulations of carbonate encrusted logs, such as the
Blue Forest, might represent what sequence stratigraphers
call “transgressive surfaces.”
Although they do not provide much real detail, two papers,
Loewen et al (1990) and National Park Service (2012).
specifically describe the calcareous material encrusting logs
as consisting either of tufa, “stromatolite material,” or a
mixture of the two. Stromatolite material is defined as
“sediment trapped by cyanophytes (blue-green algae)” and
tufa as an inorganically precipitated crust of carbonate. They
regard the carbonate material encrusting some logs as having
formed as either an inorganic precipitate, as the result of
stromatolite formation for other logs, and for some logs as a
mixture of both organic and inorganic processes. They infer
that the formation of the carbonate crusts on logs required
the logs being submerged in place for a period of time.
Regardless of whether they are tufa, stromatolites, or mixture
of the two, I would not use the term “petrified” because these
crusts are quite likely primary carbonates that have not
been altered by later replacement.
Where these carbonate crusts lack laminations, they might
be properly considered to be thrombolities instead of
stromatolites. Where their origin is uncertain, a more
nongeneric terms, such as “micrite crust,” might be used.
Unfortunately I was not able to find any detailed studies
concerning the formation of the carbonate crusts found
encrusting logs within the Green River Formation. However,
a small detailed study was been made of quite similar
carbonate encrustations of silicified tree trunks in the basal
Purbeck Formation (Upper Jurassic) of southern England.
This study concluded that the encrusting carbonates were
created by microbial carbonate formation involving carbonate
grain trapping along with both the inorganic and organic
precipitation of carbonate. It regarded them as having the
typical features of freshwater tufa stromatolite deposits
(Clites 2005).
Tim Fisher also wrote:
“There are also "petrified termite mounds" just to the SW of
the Blue Forest area that I sincerely doubt are any remnant
of insect nests. I don't have any other explanation, other
than they look like the WY "fossil stromatolites" more than
anything else. Although I haven't seen anything definitive
about those either.”
Unfortunately, without some pictures, it is impossible to
definitively determine what these "petrified termite mounds"
might be. In case of the Green River Formation there are two
distinct possibilities as what they might be. First, as is
suggested above they might be stromatolites mistaken for
"petrified termite mounds." Finally, they might be caddisfly
mounds (bioherms), which occur within the Green River
Formation and form well defined beds and domal structures.
The figures in Leggitt et al. (2007) show fossil Caddisfly-
dominated microbial-carbonate mounds that would be
easy for people to misidentify as "petrified termite mounds."
Leggitt and Cushman (2001) also show caddisfly mounds
(bioherms) are quite similar in size and shape to termite
mounds. Their internal structure would readily be mistaken
for fossil termite mounds by the average lay person.
Fossil termite mounds and nest have been reported from
the Morrsion and Chinle formations of the American
Southwest (Hasiotis and Dubiel 1995, Hasiotis 2004); the
Lower Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa and
Lesotho (Bordy et al. 2009); and the Miocene of Chad
(Duringer et al. 2007). Thus, it is entirely possible that
fossil termite mounds might be found in the Green River
Formation.
Someone should compare the alleged "petrified termite
mounds" to what is published in Leggitt and Cushman
(2001), Leggitt et al. (2007), Hasiotis and Dubiel (1995),
Hasiotis (2004), Bordy et al. (2009), Duringer et al. (2007).
Also, the specific sedimentary facies, in which they are found,
will serve to clarify what they are as the reported fossil
termite mounds are all associated with strata and often
fossil soils that have been interpreted to be subaerial,
floodplain, natural levee, and eolian, in origin.
References Cited
Bordy, E. M., A. Bumby, O. Catuneanu, and P. G. Eriksson,
2009, Possible trace fossils of putative termite origin in the
Lower Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa and
Lesotho. South African Journal of Science. vol. 105,
pp. 356–362.
Buchheim, H. P., R. A. Cushman, Jr., and R. E. Biaggi, 2011,
Stratigraphic revision of the Green River Formation in Fossil
Basin, Wyoming: Overfilled to underfilled lake evolution.
Rocky Mountain Geology. vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 165-181,
Bradley, W. H., 1926, Shore phases of the Green River
Formation in northern Sweetwatt. County, Wyoming.
Professional Paper no. 140-D. U.S. Geological Survey,
Reston, Virginia. 11 pp.
Clives, E. C., 2005, “Burr” stromatolites in the basal Purbeck
Formation (Upper Jurassic of southern England). unpublished
Junior Independent Study paper, The College of Wooster,
Wooster, Ohio. 29 pp.
http://ismanual.voices.wooster.edu/files/2012/12/E_Clites1.pdf
(Also see “The fossil forest: part 1: The geology of the ledge.”
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~imw/Fossil-Forest.htm and
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~imw/Fossil-Forest-Purbeck-Trees.htm )
Duringer, P., M. Schuster, J. F. Genise, H. T. Mackaye, P.
Vignaud, and M. Brunet, 2007, New termite trace fossils:
galleries, nests and fungus combs from the Chad basin of
Africa (upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene). Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. vol. 251, no. 3-4,
pp. 323–353.
Hasiotis S. T., 2004, Reconnaissance of Upper Jurassic
Morrison Formation ichnofossils, Rocky Mountain region, USA:
Environmental, stratigraphic, and climatic significance of
terrestrial and freshwater ichnocoenoses. Sedimentary Geology.
vol. 167, no, 3-4, pp. 277–368.
Hasiotis, S. T., and R. F. Dubiel, 1995, Termite (Insecta: Isoptera)
nest ichnofossils from the Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified
Forest National Park, Arizona. Ichnos. vol. 4, pp. 130–191.
Kornegay, G. L. and R. Surdam, 1980, The Laney Member of
the Green River Formation, Sand Wash Basin, Colorado, and
Its Relationship to Wyoming. in A. Harrison and others, eds.,
pp. 191-204, Stratigraphy of Wyoming : guidebook : 31st annual
field conference, Jackson Hole, Wyoming - Teton Village,
September 6-10, 1980, Wyoming Geological Association,
Casper, Wyoming.
Leggitt, V. M., and R. A. Cushman, 2001,Complex caddisfly-
dominated bioherms from the Eocene Green River
Formation. Sedimentary Geology. vol. 145, no. 3-4,
pp. 377-396.
Leggitt, V. M., R. E Biaggi, H P. Buchheim, 2007,
Palaeoenvironments associated with caddisfly-dominated
microbial-carbonate mounds from the Tipton Shale Member
of the Green River Formation: Eocene Lake Gosiute.
Sedimentology. vol. 54, no. 3, pp.661–699.
Loewen, M. A., V. L. Leggit and H. P. Buchheim, 1990, Caddisfly
(Trichoptera) larval cases from Eocene Fossil Lake. National
Park Service Paleontological Research. no. 4, pp. 72-22.
(Geologic Resources Division Technical Report no.
NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/03)
McGrew, P. O., 1980, An Eocene flamingo nesting area,
Sweetwater County, Wyoming. National Geographic Society
Research Reports. vol. 12, pp. 473–478.
McGrew, P. O., and M. Casilliano, 1975, The geological history
of Fossil Butte National Monument and Fossil Basin. Occasional
Paper no. 3, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
National Park service, 2012, Fossil Butte National Monument:
Geologic Resources Inventory Report. Natural Resource
Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/587, U.S. Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C. 53 pp.
Oriel, S. S., and J. I. Tracey, Jr., 1970, Uppermost Cretaceous
and Tertiary stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, southwestern
Wyoming. Professional Paper no. 635. U.S. Geological Survey,
Reston, Virginia. 53 pp.
Yours,
Paul H.
Friday, 8 February 2013
Louisiana & Earth Science
Louisiana & Earth Science
In “Louisiana & earth science”at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-January/000392.html
Johan Mineral wrote:
"Planning vacation for Louisiana New Orleans –
Baton Rouge area. What are your suggestions for
earth science related activities: museums, digs, ..."
The best summary of the type of information that exists
for which you are looking is found in "Rockhounding
Louisiana" at
http://www.gatorgirlrocks.com/state-by-state/louisiana.html
Of the books that she lists, the one that a person visiting
Louisiana definitely should get is Darwin Spearing's
“Roadside Geology of Louisiana,” which was published
by Mountain Press.
http://geology.com/store/roadside-geology-louisiana.shtml
An article about fossil hunting in Louisiana is "Fossil
Hunting in Louisiana Gravels" at:
http://appl027.lsu.edu/MNSEducation/Saturday/Hunting%20for%20Fossils%203.pdf
PDF files of Louisiana geological maps can be found at:
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/PUBLI/contentpage17.php
General PDF files about Louisiana geology can be found at:
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/PUBLI/contentpage14.php
A nice fieldtrip guidebook about Katrina and New
Orleans is “Hurricane Katrina - What Happened?
A Field Trip The Geology of the Katrina Disaster in
New Orleans” by Stephen A. Nelson, Dept. Earth &
Environmental Sciences, Tulane University at
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Katrina/
PDF file at:
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Katrina/Hurricane%20Katrina%20Field%20Trip.pdf
The local museums are
1. International Petroleum Museum & Exposition
Morgan City, Louisiana
http://www.rigmuseum.com/
2. Louisiana Museum of Natural History
Louisiana State University – Baton Rouge, Louisiana
http://appl003.lsu.edu/natsci/lmnh.nsf/index
3. Lafayette Science Museum, Lafayette, Louisiana
http://www.gatorgirlrocks.com/state-by-state/louisiana.html
The best source of information for your inquiries are
local gem and mineral societies. Contact information
for them can be found in "Louisiana Gem and Mineral Clubs" at
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/clubs/louisiana.shtml
Baton Rouge Gem & Mineral Society
40443 Sycamore Ave
Gonzales, Louisiana 70737
Meeting Place: Marriott Hotel - Baton Rouge
Meeting Time: 4th Tuesday, 7:00PM
Primary Contact: Ray Duplechain
rayduplechain[at]hotmail.com
Phone: [225] 978-0031
Gem and Mineral Society of Louisiana
P.O. Box 51527
New Orleans, Louisiana 70151
Meeting Place: University of New Orleans,
Geological Bldg., Room 1000, Lakeshore Drive, NOLA
Meeting Time: 7:30 pm - Second Monday of each Month, except July
Primary Contact: Levette Carlos
E-Mail: ljcarlos[at]gmail.com
Phone: [985] 643-6610
Secondary Contact: Mary Lou Shannon-Fuerst
E-Mail: jerseydevil1974[at]yahoo.com
Phone: [504] 285-2950
Some Informative Web Pages
Louisiana Gravel Fossils and Agates
http://la-gravel-fossils.blogspot.com/
Also, a person can search the "Fossil Forum" for posts
about Louisiana fossils at http://www.thefossilforum.com/ .
Finally, there is the "Louisiana Fossil Page" at:
http://web.archive.org/web/20110910005442/http://members.cox.net/pyrophyllite/lafossil1.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20110711151310/http://members.cox.net/pyrophyllite/lafossil1.html
If you have any specific questions, you can contact
the geologists at the Louisiana Geological Survey at
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/GINFO/contentpage5.php
Best wishes,
Yours,
Paul H.
In “Louisiana & earth science”at
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-January/000392.html
Johan Mineral wrote:
"Planning vacation for Louisiana New Orleans –
Baton Rouge area. What are your suggestions for
earth science related activities: museums, digs, ..."
The best summary of the type of information that exists
for which you are looking is found in "Rockhounding
Louisiana" at
http://www.gatorgirlrocks.com/state-by-state/louisiana.html
Of the books that she lists, the one that a person visiting
Louisiana definitely should get is Darwin Spearing's
“Roadside Geology of Louisiana,” which was published
by Mountain Press.
http://geology.com/store/roadside-geology-louisiana.shtml
An article about fossil hunting in Louisiana is "Fossil
Hunting in Louisiana Gravels" at:
http://appl027.lsu.edu/MNSEducation/Saturday/Hunting%20for%20Fossils%203.pdf
PDF files of Louisiana geological maps can be found at:
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/PUBLI/contentpage17.php
General PDF files about Louisiana geology can be found at:
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/PUBLI/contentpage14.php
A nice fieldtrip guidebook about Katrina and New
Orleans is “Hurricane Katrina - What Happened?
A Field Trip The Geology of the Katrina Disaster in
New Orleans” by Stephen A. Nelson, Dept. Earth &
Environmental Sciences, Tulane University at
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Katrina/
PDF file at:
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Katrina/Hurricane%20Katrina%20Field%20Trip.pdf
The local museums are
1. International Petroleum Museum & Exposition
Morgan City, Louisiana
http://www.rigmuseum.com/
2. Louisiana Museum of Natural History
Louisiana State University – Baton Rouge, Louisiana
http://appl003.lsu.edu/natsci/lmnh.nsf/index
3. Lafayette Science Museum, Lafayette, Louisiana
http://www.gatorgirlrocks.com/state-by-state/louisiana.html
The best source of information for your inquiries are
local gem and mineral societies. Contact information
for them can be found in "Louisiana Gem and Mineral Clubs" at
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/clubs/louisiana.shtml
Baton Rouge Gem & Mineral Society
40443 Sycamore Ave
Gonzales, Louisiana 70737
Meeting Place: Marriott Hotel - Baton Rouge
Meeting Time: 4th Tuesday, 7:00PM
Primary Contact: Ray Duplechain
rayduplechain[at]hotmail.com
Phone: [225] 978-0031
Gem and Mineral Society of Louisiana
P.O. Box 51527
New Orleans, Louisiana 70151
Meeting Place: University of New Orleans,
Geological Bldg., Room 1000, Lakeshore Drive, NOLA
Meeting Time: 7:30 pm - Second Monday of each Month, except July
Primary Contact: Levette Carlos
E-Mail: ljcarlos[at]gmail.com
Phone: [985] 643-6610
Secondary Contact: Mary Lou Shannon-Fuerst
E-Mail: jerseydevil1974[at]yahoo.com
Phone: [504] 285-2950
Some Informative Web Pages
Louisiana Gravel Fossils and Agates
http://la-gravel-fossils.blogspot.com/
Also, a person can search the "Fossil Forum" for posts
about Louisiana fossils at http://www.thefossilforum.com/ .
Finally, there is the "Louisiana Fossil Page" at:
http://web.archive.org/web/20110910005442/http://members.cox.net/pyrophyllite/lafossil1.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20110711151310/http://members.cox.net/pyrophyllite/lafossil1.html
If you have any specific questions, you can contact
the geologists at the Louisiana Geological Survey at
http://www.lgs.lsu.edu/deploy/content/GINFO/contentpage5.php
Best wishes,
Yours,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 6 February 2013
Double Asteroid May Have Wiped out Dinosaurs
Double Asteroid May Have Wiped out Dinosaurs
Double asteroid trouble may have wiped out dinosaurs
(The asteroid theory of dinosaur extinction gets a new
twist as scientists look into what may have been a
twin asteroid impact) by Amanda Kooser Feb. 4, 2013
http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57567486-1/double-asteroid-trouble-may-have-wiped-out-dinosaurs/
Dinosaur-killing asteroid was a twin terror by Colin Barras,
New Scientist, February 2013
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23126-dinosaurkilling-asteroid-was-a-twin-terror.html
Research group suggests Chicxulub crater may have
been caused by binary asteroids, Phys.org, Feb. 2013
http://phys.org/news/2013-02-group-chicxulub-crater-binary-asteroids.html
The paper is:
Miljkovic, K., G. S. Collins, S. Mannick, P. A. Bland, 2013,
Morphology and population of binary asteroid impact
craters. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. vol. 363,
pp. 121–132. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.033
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12007194
A related paper is:
Bottke, H. J., and H. J. Melosh, 1996, Binary Asteroids
and the Formation of Doublet Craters. Icaerus.
vol. 124, pp. 372–391. PDF file at:
http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bottke/Reprints/Bottke_Binary_Icarus_1996.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
Double asteroid trouble may have wiped out dinosaurs
(The asteroid theory of dinosaur extinction gets a new
twist as scientists look into what may have been a
twin asteroid impact) by Amanda Kooser Feb. 4, 2013
http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57567486-1/double-asteroid-trouble-may-have-wiped-out-dinosaurs/
Dinosaur-killing asteroid was a twin terror by Colin Barras,
New Scientist, February 2013
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23126-dinosaurkilling-asteroid-was-a-twin-terror.html
Research group suggests Chicxulub crater may have
been caused by binary asteroids, Phys.org, Feb. 2013
http://phys.org/news/2013-02-group-chicxulub-crater-binary-asteroids.html
The paper is:
Miljkovic, K., G. S. Collins, S. Mannick, P. A. Bland, 2013,
Morphology and population of binary asteroid impact
craters. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. vol. 363,
pp. 121–132. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.033
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12007194
A related paper is:
Bottke, H. J., and H. J. Melosh, 1996, Binary Asteroids
and the Formation of Doublet Craters. Icaerus.
vol. 124, pp. 372–391. PDF file at:
http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bottke/Reprints/Bottke_Binary_Icarus_1996.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
Tuesday, 5 February 2013
Holocene Start Impact Event Controversy Continues
Holocene Start Impact Event Controversy Continues
In “Holocene Start Impact Event Controversy Continues” at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110580.html
E.P. Grondine wrote,
“What Boslough did not mention or is not being reported
is several recent possible major astroblemes, such as (sic)
Ilturalde Crater and the Lloydminster Structure. Nor that
the layer of impactites has been independently confirmed
by others.”
First, if you would read Boslough et al. (2012) you will
find that the so-called “layer of impactites” and their
allegedly being “independently confirmed by others” is
discussed in detail their paper. Your complaint about
“layer of impactites” not being discussed is completely
groundless and wrong.
Second, although the Ilturralde Structure has the
appearance of a real impact structure, the best estimate
of it age seems to be 10,000 to 30,000 BP according to
Campbell et al. (1988, 1998). The older range of the
structure is based upon radiocarbon dates from "fossil
tree trunks" in permeable fluvial sediments in a tropical
climate. Given my experience with radiocarbon dates
from similar samples and matrix, their dates in the 30,000
BP range could very well be much older, even "dead"
samples contaminated by modern carbon in the
groundwater. In fact, Campbell et al. (1985) reports
dates of greater than 40,500 years BP for these deposits.
Thus, the maximum age of the sediment in which the
Ilturralde Structure, and the structure itself, is
developed could be considerably older than 30,000 BP,
even back to the last interglacial or more.
Thus from what little I can find, it is unknown exactly
how old this proposed crater might be. There is a lack
of any solid evidence for claiming that this feature
is contemporaneous with and part of a hypothesized
Younger Dryas impact event. Until such evidence is
published, it is premature to criticize anyone for not
discussing this hypothetical structure in association
with a hypothetical Younger Dryas event. If you want
the Ilturralde Structure discussed in a paper about the
Younger Dryas, you need to provide and formally publish
definitive evidence that it is an impact structure and
it is contemporaneous with the start of the Younger Dryas.
Even if the Ilturralde Structure is an impact “crater”
and dates to the Younger Dryas, any impact that forms an
8-km in diameter impact crater in soft sediments within
the Lower Amazon jungle of Bolivia very likely will not have
any significant effect in North America. Being soft-sediment,
the original transient crater, unlike Meteor Crater, which
is in rock, has completely collapsed. Thus, the diameter of
the original transient crater was significant smaller (by
kilometers ) in diameter than the current structure that
has only 3 meters of relief. Also, there are numerous
pollen sites and other documented and published
paleoenvironmental records lying between this circular
structure and North America that show a complete lack of
any environmental effects from any impact during the
Younger Dryas. It is highly implausible that an impact
associated with a structure of this size in soft sediment
is going to create the havoc that is argued to have occurred
in North America at the start of the Younger Dryas.
Boslough et al. (2012) did not need to mention the
Iturralde Structure because 1. it is not yet determined
to be an impact structure, 2. it is unknown if it is
contemporaneous with the start of the Younger Dryas,
3. it is unproven that this feature has any association with
a hypothetical Younger Dryas impact event and 4. it is
much too small to have been an impact that would have
had any effect on North America.
Some web pages are: "Iturralde Crater"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iturralde_Crater
And "Araona Crater (Iturralde Structure)"
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000900/a000925/index.html
Third, petroleum and other geologists have studied in
great detail the geology of the Lloydminster Heavy Oil Area,
which apparently what you have repeatedly referred to
as your so-called "Lloydminster Structure," in east-central
Alberta and west-central Saskatchewan. If a person looks
though what has been published about it, including
structural maps, a person finds a complete absence of
any geological evidence that it either is an impact
structure or its development is associated with the start
of the Younger Dryas in any fashion. There is even a
complete lack of either any ring faulting or any other
circular structure(s) that can be used to define or
postulate the existence of an extraterrestrial impact in
within the Lloydminster Heavy Oil Area. According
interpretations made from the an abundance of available
geophysical logs, cores, and cuttings from oil and gas
wells and innumerable seismic lines, the geological
structures are clearly the result of irregular collapse of
Cretaceous and overlying strata because of the subsurface
dissolution of thick Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite
rock salt that underlie these strata rest. If this is the so-
called "Lloydminster Structure," then enough has been
published about its origin to completely discredited this
alleged "structure" as a possible impact crater. There
is no need, in this case, to discuss an imaginary "crater"
that has never been formally proposed judging from
what I have so far found. For more details, consult
Gregor (1997), Kohlruss et al. (2010), and Orr et al. (1977)
It is nonsensical for Boslough et al. (2012) to have to
discuss every lake, “paleolagoon,” ring igneous intrusion,
other geologic structure, or other feature that someone,
often on the basis of a quite vivid imagination, speculates
to be an Younger Dryas impact crater without offering a
single shred of hard evidence. The circular and even
noncircular lakes, structures, and other features that
people interpret to be impact craters are seemingly
endless and uncountable. In fact, Boslough et al. (2012)
did take the time and space to discuss the geologically
illiterate claim that the Great Lakes are in part impact
craters.
Fourth, I will disregard the details of ill-tempered and
imaginary Vogon Poetry about another impact researcher
personal motivations. As with various Young Earth
creationists, some people obviously need to understand
that stating such fiction for mudslinging, and character
assassination involving other people's motivation and
character because they disagree with you is definitely
not a productive technique to win friends and positively
influenced people. They also need to understand that
fictional ad hominem attacks about personal motivations
are not an acceptable part of scientific discourse.
[Besides Boslough et al. (2012) has 16 coauthors. Are
you implying that they all have some sort personal
axes to grind? :-) :-) ]
Finally you, stated:
“"Denial" is a strange psychological mechanism, and
undoubtedly we will hear stories about how an
"asteroid impact did not kill the dinosaurs" for many
years to come.”
From what I have found, complaints about people, who
disagrees with a specific point of view, being in “denial”
is the standard silly, scientifically illiterate, and just
plain stupid psychobabble that I hear from Young Earth
creationists; supporters of Rand Flem-Ath’s / Charles
Hapgood’s ideas about Earth Crustal displacement; Ed
Conrad’s Carboniferous human bones; and supporters
of many other fringe pseudoscientific claims. This
whining about people being in “denial” at its most basic
level, an ad hominem attack on any person, who
disagrees with a specific pet idea or theory. I consider
it an ad hominem attack because it insinuates that their
disagreement is based, not on the facts, but on some
mental impairment. Again, such complaints about other
people being in "denial" neither wins friends and
positively influences people nor has anything to do
with scientific discourse.
Judging from what you argue about the Ilturralde
Structure and your imaginary "Lloydminster Structure,"
I suspect that if the age of the Chicxulub impact
structure was unknown that either you or someone else
would be arguing that it was also an Younger Dryas
impact structure as well. :-) :-) :-)
References Cited:
Boslough, M., K. Nicoll, V. Holliday, T. L. Daulton, D.
Meltzer, N. Pinter, A. C. Scott, T. Surovell, P. Claeys, J. Gill,
F. Paquay, J. Marlon, P. Bartlein, C. Whitlock, D. Grayson,
and A. J. T. Jull, 2012, Arguments and Evidence Against a
Younger Dryas Impact Event. , in Climates, Landscapes,
and Civilizations, Geophysical. Monograph Series, vol. 198,
edited by L. Giosan et al. 13–26, AGU, Washington,
D. C., doi:10.1029/2012GM001209.
http://www.agu.org/books/gm/v198/2012GM001209/2012GM001209.shtml
Campbell, K. E., Jr., C. D. Frailey, and L. J. Arrelano, 1985,
The geology of the Rio Beni: further evidence for Holocene
flooding in Amazônia. Contributions in Science. vol. 364,
pp. 1-18.
Campbell, K. E., Jr., R. A. F. Grieve, Z. Pacheco, and J. B.
Garvin, 1988, A Possible Impact Structure in Amazonian
Bolivia. Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference, vol. 19, p. 163-164.
Campbell, K. E., Jr., R. A. F. Grieve, Z. Pacheco, and J. B.
Gavin, 1989, A newly discovered probable impact
structure in Amazonian Bolivia. National Geographic
Research. vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 495-499.
Gregor, V. A., 1997, Mannville Linear in the Lloydminster
Heavy Oil Area and Their Relationship to Fractures and
Fluid Flow in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
In S. G. Pemberton and D. P. James, ed., pp. 428-474.
Petroleum Geology of the Mannville Group. Memoir no. 18,
Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada.
Kohlruss, D. A. Marsh, G. Jensen, P. Pedersen, and G.
Chi, 2010, Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group
Sandstones in the Clearwater River Valley, Northwestern
Saskatchewan: Preliminary Observations, Bitumen
Sampling, and Mapping. In Summary of Investigations
2010, Volume 1, Miscellaneous Report 2010-4.1,
Paper A-1. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Regina,
Saskatchewan, Canada.
Orr, R. D., J. R. Johnston, and E. M. Manko, 1977, Lower
Cretaceous Geology And Heavy Oil Potential Of The
Lloydminster Area. Journal of Canadian Petroleum
Technology. vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1187-1221.
Best wishes,
Paul H.
In “Holocene Start Impact Event Controversy Continues” at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110580.html
E.P. Grondine wrote,
“What Boslough did not mention or is not being reported
is several recent possible major astroblemes, such as (sic)
Ilturalde Crater and the Lloydminster Structure. Nor that
the layer of impactites has been independently confirmed
by others.”
First, if you would read Boslough et al. (2012) you will
find that the so-called “layer of impactites” and their
allegedly being “independently confirmed by others” is
discussed in detail their paper. Your complaint about
“layer of impactites” not being discussed is completely
groundless and wrong.
Second, although the Ilturralde Structure has the
appearance of a real impact structure, the best estimate
of it age seems to be 10,000 to 30,000 BP according to
Campbell et al. (1988, 1998). The older range of the
structure is based upon radiocarbon dates from "fossil
tree trunks" in permeable fluvial sediments in a tropical
climate. Given my experience with radiocarbon dates
from similar samples and matrix, their dates in the 30,000
BP range could very well be much older, even "dead"
samples contaminated by modern carbon in the
groundwater. In fact, Campbell et al. (1985) reports
dates of greater than 40,500 years BP for these deposits.
Thus, the maximum age of the sediment in which the
Ilturralde Structure, and the structure itself, is
developed could be considerably older than 30,000 BP,
even back to the last interglacial or more.
Thus from what little I can find, it is unknown exactly
how old this proposed crater might be. There is a lack
of any solid evidence for claiming that this feature
is contemporaneous with and part of a hypothesized
Younger Dryas impact event. Until such evidence is
published, it is premature to criticize anyone for not
discussing this hypothetical structure in association
with a hypothetical Younger Dryas event. If you want
the Ilturralde Structure discussed in a paper about the
Younger Dryas, you need to provide and formally publish
definitive evidence that it is an impact structure and
it is contemporaneous with the start of the Younger Dryas.
Even if the Ilturralde Structure is an impact “crater”
and dates to the Younger Dryas, any impact that forms an
8-km in diameter impact crater in soft sediments within
the Lower Amazon jungle of Bolivia very likely will not have
any significant effect in North America. Being soft-sediment,
the original transient crater, unlike Meteor Crater, which
is in rock, has completely collapsed. Thus, the diameter of
the original transient crater was significant smaller (by
kilometers ) in diameter than the current structure that
has only 3 meters of relief. Also, there are numerous
pollen sites and other documented and published
paleoenvironmental records lying between this circular
structure and North America that show a complete lack of
any environmental effects from any impact during the
Younger Dryas. It is highly implausible that an impact
associated with a structure of this size in soft sediment
is going to create the havoc that is argued to have occurred
in North America at the start of the Younger Dryas.
Boslough et al. (2012) did not need to mention the
Iturralde Structure because 1. it is not yet determined
to be an impact structure, 2. it is unknown if it is
contemporaneous with the start of the Younger Dryas,
3. it is unproven that this feature has any association with
a hypothetical Younger Dryas impact event and 4. it is
much too small to have been an impact that would have
had any effect on North America.
Some web pages are: "Iturralde Crater"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iturralde_Crater
And "Araona Crater (Iturralde Structure)"
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a000900/a000925/index.html
Third, petroleum and other geologists have studied in
great detail the geology of the Lloydminster Heavy Oil Area,
which apparently what you have repeatedly referred to
as your so-called "Lloydminster Structure," in east-central
Alberta and west-central Saskatchewan. If a person looks
though what has been published about it, including
structural maps, a person finds a complete absence of
any geological evidence that it either is an impact
structure or its development is associated with the start
of the Younger Dryas in any fashion. There is even a
complete lack of either any ring faulting or any other
circular structure(s) that can be used to define or
postulate the existence of an extraterrestrial impact in
within the Lloydminster Heavy Oil Area. According
interpretations made from the an abundance of available
geophysical logs, cores, and cuttings from oil and gas
wells and innumerable seismic lines, the geological
structures are clearly the result of irregular collapse of
Cretaceous and overlying strata because of the subsurface
dissolution of thick Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite
rock salt that underlie these strata rest. If this is the so-
called "Lloydminster Structure," then enough has been
published about its origin to completely discredited this
alleged "structure" as a possible impact crater. There
is no need, in this case, to discuss an imaginary "crater"
that has never been formally proposed judging from
what I have so far found. For more details, consult
Gregor (1997), Kohlruss et al. (2010), and Orr et al. (1977)
It is nonsensical for Boslough et al. (2012) to have to
discuss every lake, “paleolagoon,” ring igneous intrusion,
other geologic structure, or other feature that someone,
often on the basis of a quite vivid imagination, speculates
to be an Younger Dryas impact crater without offering a
single shred of hard evidence. The circular and even
noncircular lakes, structures, and other features that
people interpret to be impact craters are seemingly
endless and uncountable. In fact, Boslough et al. (2012)
did take the time and space to discuss the geologically
illiterate claim that the Great Lakes are in part impact
craters.
Fourth, I will disregard the details of ill-tempered and
imaginary Vogon Poetry about another impact researcher
personal motivations. As with various Young Earth
creationists, some people obviously need to understand
that stating such fiction for mudslinging, and character
assassination involving other people's motivation and
character because they disagree with you is definitely
not a productive technique to win friends and positively
influenced people. They also need to understand that
fictional ad hominem attacks about personal motivations
are not an acceptable part of scientific discourse.
[Besides Boslough et al. (2012) has 16 coauthors. Are
you implying that they all have some sort personal
axes to grind? :-) :-) ]
Finally you, stated:
“"Denial" is a strange psychological mechanism, and
undoubtedly we will hear stories about how an
"asteroid impact did not kill the dinosaurs" for many
years to come.”
From what I have found, complaints about people, who
disagrees with a specific point of view, being in “denial”
is the standard silly, scientifically illiterate, and just
plain stupid psychobabble that I hear from Young Earth
creationists; supporters of Rand Flem-Ath’s / Charles
Hapgood’s ideas about Earth Crustal displacement; Ed
Conrad’s Carboniferous human bones; and supporters
of many other fringe pseudoscientific claims. This
whining about people being in “denial” at its most basic
level, an ad hominem attack on any person, who
disagrees with a specific pet idea or theory. I consider
it an ad hominem attack because it insinuates that their
disagreement is based, not on the facts, but on some
mental impairment. Again, such complaints about other
people being in "denial" neither wins friends and
positively influences people nor has anything to do
with scientific discourse.
Judging from what you argue about the Ilturralde
Structure and your imaginary "Lloydminster Structure,"
I suspect that if the age of the Chicxulub impact
structure was unknown that either you or someone else
would be arguing that it was also an Younger Dryas
impact structure as well. :-) :-) :-)
References Cited:
Boslough, M., K. Nicoll, V. Holliday, T. L. Daulton, D.
Meltzer, N. Pinter, A. C. Scott, T. Surovell, P. Claeys, J. Gill,
F. Paquay, J. Marlon, P. Bartlein, C. Whitlock, D. Grayson,
and A. J. T. Jull, 2012, Arguments and Evidence Against a
Younger Dryas Impact Event. , in Climates, Landscapes,
and Civilizations, Geophysical. Monograph Series, vol. 198,
edited by L. Giosan et al. 13–26, AGU, Washington,
D. C., doi:10.1029/2012GM001209.
http://www.agu.org/books/gm/v198/2012GM001209/2012GM001209.shtml
Campbell, K. E., Jr., C. D. Frailey, and L. J. Arrelano, 1985,
The geology of the Rio Beni: further evidence for Holocene
flooding in Amazônia. Contributions in Science. vol. 364,
pp. 1-18.
Campbell, K. E., Jr., R. A. F. Grieve, Z. Pacheco, and J. B.
Garvin, 1988, A Possible Impact Structure in Amazonian
Bolivia. Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference, vol. 19, p. 163-164.
Campbell, K. E., Jr., R. A. F. Grieve, Z. Pacheco, and J. B.
Gavin, 1989, A newly discovered probable impact
structure in Amazonian Bolivia. National Geographic
Research. vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 495-499.
Gregor, V. A., 1997, Mannville Linear in the Lloydminster
Heavy Oil Area and Their Relationship to Fractures and
Fluid Flow in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
In S. G. Pemberton and D. P. James, ed., pp. 428-474.
Petroleum Geology of the Mannville Group. Memoir no. 18,
Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada.
Kohlruss, D. A. Marsh, G. Jensen, P. Pedersen, and G.
Chi, 2010, Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group
Sandstones in the Clearwater River Valley, Northwestern
Saskatchewan: Preliminary Observations, Bitumen
Sampling, and Mapping. In Summary of Investigations
2010, Volume 1, Miscellaneous Report 2010-4.1,
Paper A-1. Saskatchewan Geological Survey, Regina,
Saskatchewan, Canada.
Orr, R. D., J. R. Johnston, and E. M. Manko, 1977, Lower
Cretaceous Geology And Heavy Oil Potential Of The
Lloydminster Area. Journal of Canadian Petroleum
Technology. vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1187-1221.
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Friday, 1 February 2013
Study Rebuts Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
Study Rebuts Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
Study rebuts hypothesis that comet attacks ended
9,000-year-old Clovis culture, Sandia National
Laboratories, Janury 30, 2013,
https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/clovis_rebuttal/
Clovis Comet Hypothesis Called 'Bogus' By
Credible Scientist, RedOrbit, January 30, 2013
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112774312/clovis-comet-theory-bogus-013013/
The paper is:
Boslough, M., K. Nicoll, V. Holliday, T. L. Daulton,
D. Meltzer, N. Pinter, A. C. Scott, T. Surovell, P.
Claeys, J. Gill, F. Paquay, J. Marlon, P. Bartlein,
C. Whitlock, D. Grayson, and A. J. T. Jull, 2012,
Arguments and Evidence Against a Younger Dryas
Impact Event. , in Climates, Landscapes, and
Civilizations, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 198,
edited by L. Giosan et al. 13–26, AGU, Washington,
D. C., doi:10.1029/2012GM001209.
http://www.agu.org/books/gm/v198/2012GM001209/2012GM001209.shtml
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Study rebuts hypothesis that comet attacks ended
9,000-year-old Clovis culture, Sandia National
Laboratories, Janury 30, 2013,
https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/clovis_rebuttal/
Clovis Comet Hypothesis Called 'Bogus' By
Credible Scientist, RedOrbit, January 30, 2013
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112774312/clovis-comet-theory-bogus-013013/
The paper is:
Boslough, M., K. Nicoll, V. Holliday, T. L. Daulton,
D. Meltzer, N. Pinter, A. C. Scott, T. Surovell, P.
Claeys, J. Gill, F. Paquay, J. Marlon, P. Bartlein,
C. Whitlock, D. Grayson, and A. J. T. Jull, 2012,
Arguments and Evidence Against a Younger Dryas
Impact Event. , in Climates, Landscapes, and
Civilizations, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 198,
edited by L. Giosan et al. 13–26, AGU, Washington,
D. C., doi:10.1029/2012GM001209.
http://www.agu.org/books/gm/v198/2012GM001209/2012GM001209.shtml
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Monday, 28 January 2013
Oman contributed 16% of world's meteorite finds in 2011
Oman contributed 16% of world's meteorite finds in 2011
MENAFN, Muscat Daily, January 25, 2103
http://www.menafn.com/menafn/1093602529/--Oman-contributed-16-of-worlds-meteorite-finds-2011?src=RSS
Note that this article states:
"''Now, export of any kind of rock is prohibited unless authorised by the relevant authority,'' he said."
MENAFN, Muscat Daily, January 25, 2103
http://www.menafn.com/menafn/1093602529/--Oman-contributed-16-of-worlds-meteorite-finds-2011?src=RSS
Note that this article states:
"''Now, export of any kind of rock is prohibited unless authorised by the relevant authority,'' he said."
and
"Oman's Mining Law, The Mining Law issued by Royal Decree No 27/2003, prohibits the practice of all rock and mineral and exploratory activities and trading in the same without obtaining permission from the Directorate General of Minerals."
Some other older articles.
Experts study meteorites, Oman Observer
Mon, 17 December 2012
http://main.omanobserver.om/node/133724
Oman is major site for meteor discovery (Country was second only to Antarctica in meteor finds until 2007) Emirates 24/7, October 19, 2010
http://www.emirates247.com/news/oman-is-major-site-for-meteor-discovery-2010-10-19-1.306190
Searching for Meteorites in the Deserts of Oman
by Simon Mitton, Live Science, May 18, 2009
http://www.livescience.com/3613-searching-meteorites-deserts-oman.html
Related papers are:
Korotev, R. L., 2012, Lunar meteorites from Oman.
Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 47, no 8,
pp. 1365–1402 (August 2012)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01393.x/abstract
Hofmann, B. A., E. Gnos, A. Al-Kathiri, and A. J. T. Jull,
2006, Meteorite accumulation surfaces in Oman: Main
results of Omani-Swiss meteorite search campaigns,
2001-2006. 4th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Bern 2006.
http://geoscience-meeting.scnatweb.ch/sgm2006/SGM06_abstracts/08_OS_Min_Pet/Hofmann_Beda_Talk_or_Poster.pdf
Best wishes,
Paul H.
"Oman's Mining Law, The Mining Law issued by Royal Decree No 27/2003, prohibits the practice of all rock and mineral and exploratory activities and trading in the same without obtaining permission from the Directorate General of Minerals."
Some other older articles.
Experts study meteorites, Oman Observer
Mon, 17 December 2012
http://main.omanobserver.om/node/133724
Oman is major site for meteor discovery (Country was second only to Antarctica in meteor finds until 2007) Emirates 24/7, October 19, 2010
http://www.emirates247.com/news/oman-is-major-site-for-meteor-discovery-2010-10-19-1.306190
Searching for Meteorites in the Deserts of Oman
by Simon Mitton, Live Science, May 18, 2009
http://www.livescience.com/3613-searching-meteorites-deserts-oman.html
Related papers are:
Korotev, R. L., 2012, Lunar meteorites from Oman.
Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 47, no 8,
pp. 1365–1402 (August 2012)
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01393.x/abstract
Hofmann, B. A., E. Gnos, A. Al-Kathiri, and A. J. T. Jull,
2006, Meteorite accumulation surfaces in Oman: Main
results of Omani-Swiss meteorite search campaigns,
2001-2006. 4th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Bern 2006.
http://geoscience-meeting.scnatweb.ch/sgm2006/SGM06_abstracts/08_OS_Min_Pet/Hofmann_Beda_Talk_or_Poster.pdf
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 23 January 2013
Fishing Without a Fossil
Fishing Without a Fossil
Fishing Without a Fossil (Part 1)
PLoS Blogs (blog)-Jan 18, 2013
http://blogs.plos.org/paleo/2013/01/18/fishing-without-a-fossil-part-1/
Yours,
Paul H.
Fishing Without a Fossil (Part 1)
PLoS Blogs (blog)-Jan 18, 2013
http://blogs.plos.org/paleo/2013/01/18/fishing-without-a-fossil-part-1/
Yours,
Paul H.
Scientists Describe a 'New' Type of Volcanic Eruption
Scientists Describe a 'New' Type of Volcanic Eruption
A new type of volcanic eruption, National Oceanography Centre. January 21, 2013,
http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=127567&CultureCode=en
Scientists Describe a 'New' Type of Volcanic Eruption, Science Daily,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130121083215.htm
Rotella, M. D., C. J. N. Wilson, S. J. Barker, and I. C. Wright.
Highly vesicular pumice generated by buoyant detachment
of magma in subaqueous volcanism. Nature Geoscience.
Published online 20 January 2013, doi:10.1038/ngeo1709http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo1709.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
A new type of volcanic eruption, National Oceanography Centre. January 21, 2013,
http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=127567&CultureCode=en
Scientists Describe a 'New' Type of Volcanic Eruption, Science Daily,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130121083215.htm
Rotella, M. D., C. J. N. Wilson, S. J. Barker, and I. C. Wright.
Highly vesicular pumice generated by buoyant detachment
of magma in subaqueous volcanism. Nature Geoscience.
Published online 20 January 2013, doi:10.1038/ngeo1709http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo1709.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Sunday, 20 January 2013
New Geological Map Of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona
New Geological Map Of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona
Geology of Petrified Forest National Park
by Jonathan DuHamel, Tuscon Citizen, Jan. 17, 2013
http://tucsoncitizen.com/wryheat/2013/01/17/geology-of-petrified-forest-national-park/
“The Arizona Geological Survey just released a new
geologic map (65Mb) and 18-page report (9Mb) on
Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona.”
Martz, J.W., W. G. Parker, L. Skinner, J. J. Raucci, P.
Umhoefer, and R. C. Blakey, 2013, Geologic Map of
Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Arizona
Geological Survey Contributed Map CM-12-A, 1
map sheet, map scale 1:50,000,18 p
PDF file available from Resource ID: CM-12-A at:
http://repository.azgs.az.gov/uri_gin/azgs/dlio/1487
Printed copies can be purchased from the Arizona
Experience Store at http://store.azgs.az.gov/ .
In addition, there is:
VandenDolder, E. M., 1989, Petrified Wood: Legacy
From a Late Triassic Landscape. Arizona Geology.
vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
PDF file at http://www.azgs.az.gov/arizona_geology/archived_issues/Spring_1989.pdf
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Geology of Petrified Forest National Park
by Jonathan DuHamel, Tuscon Citizen, Jan. 17, 2013
http://tucsoncitizen.com/wryheat/2013/01/17/geology-of-petrified-forest-national-park/
“The Arizona Geological Survey just released a new
geologic map (65Mb) and 18-page report (9Mb) on
Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona.”
Martz, J.W., W. G. Parker, L. Skinner, J. J. Raucci, P.
Umhoefer, and R. C. Blakey, 2013, Geologic Map of
Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Arizona
Geological Survey Contributed Map CM-12-A, 1
map sheet, map scale 1:50,000,18 p
PDF file available from Resource ID: CM-12-A at:
http://repository.azgs.az.gov/uri_gin/azgs/dlio/1487
Printed copies can be purchased from the Arizona
Experience Store at http://store.azgs.az.gov/ .
In addition, there is:
VandenDolder, E. M., 1989, Petrified Wood: Legacy
From a Late Triassic Landscape. Arizona Geology.
vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
PDF file at http://www.azgs.az.gov/arizona_geology/archived_issues/Spring_1989.pdf
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Friday, 18 January 2013
Prospector Finds 177 Ounce Gold Nugget (Australia)
Prospector Finds 177 Ounce Gold Nugget (Australia)
Prospector makes $285,000 gold discovery
Northwest Star, January 17, 2013,
http://www.northweststar.com.au/story/1241065/video-prospector-makes-285000-gold-discovery/?cs=2452
Strewth! Lucky Aussie amateur prospector
uncovers huge gold nugget worth £200,000
The Independent, January 17, 2013
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/strewth-lucky-aussie-amateur-prospector-uncovers-huge-gold-nugget-worth-200000-8455724.html
Last Gold Nugget Found in Ballarat Region
500,000 gold nugget found in Ballarat region
by Neelima Choahan, The Courier, January 17, 2013
http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/286445/500000-gold-nugget-found-in-ballarat-region/
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Prospector makes $285,000 gold discovery
Northwest Star, January 17, 2013,
http://www.northweststar.com.au/story/1241065/video-prospector-makes-285000-gold-discovery/?cs=2452
Strewth! Lucky Aussie amateur prospector
uncovers huge gold nugget worth £200,000
The Independent, January 17, 2013
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/strewth-lucky-aussie-amateur-prospector-uncovers-huge-gold-nugget-worth-200000-8455724.html
Last Gold Nugget Found in Ballarat Region
500,000 gold nugget found in Ballarat region
by Neelima Choahan, The Courier, January 17, 2013
http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/286445/500000-gold-nugget-found-in-ballarat-region/
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 16 January 2013
Mars Rover Finds Intriguing New Evidence of Water
Mars Rover Finds Intriguing New Evidence of Water
Curiosity Rover to Drill Mars Rock Once Soaked by
Water by Mike Wall, SPACE.com, January 15, 2013
http://www.space.com/19271-mars-rocks-curiosity-rover-drill.html
Mars Rover Finds Intriguing New Evidence of Water
National Geographic, January 15, 2013
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/130115-curiosity-mars-drill-water-space-science/
Mars Rover Curiosity To Drill Rock Once 'Soaked' In
Water, Huffington Post, January 16, 2013,
www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/01/16/mars-rover-curiosity-to-drill-water-rock_n_2485664.html
Bets wishes,
Paul H.
Curiosity Rover to Drill Mars Rock Once Soaked by
Water by Mike Wall, SPACE.com, January 15, 2013
http://www.space.com/19271-mars-rocks-curiosity-rover-drill.html
Mars Rover Finds Intriguing New Evidence of Water
National Geographic, January 15, 2013
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/130115-curiosity-mars-drill-water-space-science/
Mars Rover Curiosity To Drill Rock Once 'Soaked' In
Water, Huffington Post, January 16, 2013,
www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/01/16/mars-rover-curiosity-to-drill-water-rock_n_2485664.html
Bets wishes,
Paul H.
"Polonnaruwa Meteorite With Evidence Of Life From Outer Space..."
"Polonnaruwa Meteorite With Evidence Of Life From Outer Space..."
On January 13, 2013, Jodie wrote at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110210.html
>We need to be a little careful of the "Journal of Cosmology".
... Text deleted...
>They've gotten whacked for "publishing" these claims before:
> http://news.discovery.com/space/nasa-refutes-alien-discovery-claim-110307.htm
>
>From Bad Astronomy:
> http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/07/followup-thoughts-on-the-meteorite-fossils-claim/#.UPNxZ3fSrLc
>
> http://rrresearch.fieldofscience.com/2011/03/is-this-claim-of-bacteria-in-meteorite.html
Bad Astronomy has some comments on this latest piece
of science fantasy.
No, Diatoms Have Not Been Found in a Meteorite
by Phil Plait, January 15, 2013.
http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/01/15/life_in_a_meteorite_claims_by_n_c_wickramasinghe_of_diatoms_in_a_meteorite.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
On January 13, 2013, Jodie wrote at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg110210.html
>We need to be a little careful of the "Journal of Cosmology".
... Text deleted...
>They've gotten whacked for "publishing" these claims before:
> http://news.discovery.com/space/nasa-refutes-alien-discovery-claim-110307.htm
>
>From Bad Astronomy:
> http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/03/07/followup-thoughts-on-the-meteorite-fossils-claim/#.UPNxZ3fSrLc
>
> http://rrresearch.fieldofscience.com/2011/03/is-this-claim-of-bacteria-in-meteorite.html
Bad Astronomy has some comments on this latest piece
of science fantasy.
No, Diatoms Have Not Been Found in a Meteorite
by Phil Plait, January 15, 2013.
http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/01/15/life_in_a_meteorite_claims_by_n_c_wickramasinghe_of_diatoms_in_a_meteorite.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Sunday, 13 January 2013
Ten Billion Earths ?
Ten Billion Earths ?
Astronomy Picture of the Day, NASA, January 12, 2013,
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
Announcing 461 New Kepler Planet Candidates, NASA
Kepler News, January 7, 2012,
http://kepler.nasa.gov/news/nasakeplernews/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=244
At Least One in Six Stars Has an Earth-sized Planet,
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Jan. 7, 2012,
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2013/pr201301.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Astronomy Picture of the Day, NASA, January 12, 2013,
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
Announcing 461 New Kepler Planet Candidates, NASA
Kepler News, January 7, 2012,
http://kepler.nasa.gov/news/nasakeplernews/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=244
At Least One in Six Stars Has an Earth-sized Planet,
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Jan. 7, 2012,
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2013/pr201301.html
Best wishes,
Paul H.
"Some Meteorite Realities" and Other Interesting Meteorite Web Pages
"Some Meteorite Realities" and Other Interesting Meteorite Web Pages
Below are interesting web pages about meteorites
from the Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences Washington University in St. Louis.
Some Meteorite Realities
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/realities.htm
Meteorite or Meteorwrong
Self-Test Check-List
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/check-list.htm
What to Do If You Think That You’ve Found
a Lunar (or Some Other Kind of) Meteorite
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/what_to_do.htm
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Below are interesting web pages about meteorites
from the Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences Washington University in St. Louis.
Some Meteorite Realities
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/realities.htm
Meteorite or Meteorwrong
Self-Test Check-List
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/check-list.htm
What to Do If You Think That You’ve Found
a Lunar (or Some Other Kind of) Meteorite
http://meteorites.wustl.edu/what_to_do.htm
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Monday, 7 January 2013
NASA Considers Capturing an Asteroid
NASA Considers Capturing an Asteroid
NASA Considers Capturing an Asteroid, Setting It
to Orbit the Moon, Wired UK, January 1, 2012
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/01/nasa-asteroid-capture/
NASA's bizarre plan to drag an asteroid into the
moon's orbit, The Week Magazine, January 1, 2012
http://theweek.com/article/index/238374/nasas-bizarre-plan-to-drag-an-asteroid-into-the-moons-orbit
NASA Wants to Drag an Asteroid Into Orbit Around
the Moon, Smithsonian, January 3, 2012
http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/01/nasa-wants-to-drag-an-asteroid-into-orbit-around-the-moon/
Best wishes,
Paul H.
NASA Considers Capturing an Asteroid, Setting It
to Orbit the Moon, Wired UK, January 1, 2012
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/01/nasa-asteroid-capture/
NASA's bizarre plan to drag an asteroid into the
moon's orbit, The Week Magazine, January 1, 2012
http://theweek.com/article/index/238374/nasas-bizarre-plan-to-drag-an-asteroid-into-the-moons-orbit
NASA Wants to Drag an Asteroid Into Orbit Around
the Moon, Smithsonian, January 3, 2012
http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/01/nasa-wants-to-drag-an-asteroid-into-orbit-around-the-moon/
Best wishes,
Paul H.
Saturday, 5 January 2013
conodonts?
conodonts?
In "conodonts" at:
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-January/000236.html
J. R. Hodel wrote
>Speaking of conodonts, do I recall some
>research showing that conodonts are perhaps
>or even certainly remnants of a softbodied
>species like those found in the Canadian
>shale beds? Somewhere in the Canadian
>rockies, near Banff maybe? The formation
>name escapes me!
The main places that actual fossilized remains of the soft parts
of the conodont animal were first found are in Carboniferous
strata near Edinburgh, Scotland; Silurian strata in Wisconsin,
and the Soom Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte, Upper Ordovician,
South Africa. There are likely others, which I have not heard
about.
The papers for the Carboniferous conodont body fossil,
which came from the "shrimp band" in the Granton
Sandstones, Lower Oil Shale Group, are:
Briggs, D. E. G., E. N. K. Clarkson, and R. J. Aldridge, 1983,
The conodont animal. Lethaia 16(1):1-14.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb01993.x/abstract
Aldridge, R. J., D. E. G. Briggs, E. N. K. Clarkson, and M. P. Smith,
1986, The affinities of conodonts - new evidence from the
Carboniferous of Edinburgh, Scotland. Lethaia. 19(4):279-291.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1986.tb00741.x/abstract
Aldridge and opthers concluded:
"The evidence indicates that the conodonts represent a
separate group of jawless craniates."
A paper about the Silurian fossil of the conodont animal is
Smith, M. P., D. E. G. Briggs, and R. J. Aldridge, 1987, A
conodont animal from the Lower Silurian of Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
and the apparatus architecture of panderodontid conodonts.
in R. J. Aldridge, ed., pp. 91-104. Palaeobiology of conodonts
Ellis Horwood, Chichester / The British Micropalaeontological
Society.
The Soom Shale conodont fossil is described in:
Aldridge, R. J. and J. N. Theron, 1993, Conodonts with preserved
soft tissue from a new Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätte.
Journal of Micropalaeontology. 12:113-117.
http://jm.lyellcollection.org/content/12/1/113.abstract
An alleged conodont animal was reported from the
Burgess Shale. However, paleontologists no longer regard
this identification as being correct. In addition, the soft-bodied
conodont fossil reported from the Bear Gulch Limestone
in Montana turned out to be the fossil of animal that ate
a conodont and had one in its stomach just before it died.
Conodont
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodont
Conodonts in Vertebrate Evolution
http://www.conodont.info/3A001.htm
Euconodonta
http://tolweb.org/Euconodonta/14832
Best wishes,
Paul H.
In "conodonts" at:
http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/rockhounds_lists.drizzle.com/2013-January/000236.html
J. R. Hodel wrote
>Speaking of conodonts, do I recall some
>research showing that conodonts are perhaps
>or even certainly remnants of a softbodied
>species like those found in the Canadian
>shale beds? Somewhere in the Canadian
>rockies, near Banff maybe? The formation
>name escapes me!
The main places that actual fossilized remains of the soft parts
of the conodont animal were first found are in Carboniferous
strata near Edinburgh, Scotland; Silurian strata in Wisconsin,
and the Soom Shale Konservat-Lagerstätte, Upper Ordovician,
South Africa. There are likely others, which I have not heard
about.
The papers for the Carboniferous conodont body fossil,
which came from the "shrimp band" in the Granton
Sandstones, Lower Oil Shale Group, are:
Briggs, D. E. G., E. N. K. Clarkson, and R. J. Aldridge, 1983,
The conodont animal. Lethaia 16(1):1-14.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb01993.x/abstract
Aldridge, R. J., D. E. G. Briggs, E. N. K. Clarkson, and M. P. Smith,
1986, The affinities of conodonts - new evidence from the
Carboniferous of Edinburgh, Scotland. Lethaia. 19(4):279-291.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1986.tb00741.x/abstract
Aldridge and opthers concluded:
"The evidence indicates that the conodonts represent a
separate group of jawless craniates."
A paper about the Silurian fossil of the conodont animal is
Smith, M. P., D. E. G. Briggs, and R. J. Aldridge, 1987, A
conodont animal from the Lower Silurian of Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
and the apparatus architecture of panderodontid conodonts.
in R. J. Aldridge, ed., pp. 91-104. Palaeobiology of conodonts
Ellis Horwood, Chichester / The British Micropalaeontological
Society.
The Soom Shale conodont fossil is described in:
Aldridge, R. J. and J. N. Theron, 1993, Conodonts with preserved
soft tissue from a new Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätte.
Journal of Micropalaeontology. 12:113-117.
http://jm.lyellcollection.org/content/12/1/113.abstract
An alleged conodont animal was reported from the
Burgess Shale. However, paleontologists no longer regard
this identification as being correct. In addition, the soft-bodied
conodont fossil reported from the Bear Gulch Limestone
in Montana turned out to be the fossil of animal that ate
a conodont and had one in its stomach just before it died.
Conodont
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodont
Conodonts in Vertebrate Evolution
http://www.conodont.info/3A001.htm
Euconodonta
http://tolweb.org/Euconodonta/14832
Best wishes,
Paul H.
UNM studies one of a kind Martian meteorite
UNM studies one of a kind Martian meteorite
UNM studies one of a kind meteorite
Mars Meteorite found in Morroco
KRQE news, Albuquerque, January 4, 2012
http://www.krqe.com/dpp/news/education/unm-studied-meteorite-one-of-a-kind
Meteorite has highest water content
of any from Mars, scientists say
By Elizabeth Landau, CNN news
http://lightyears.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/03/meteorite-has-highest-water-content-of-any-from-mars-scientists-say/?hpt=hp_c3
Happy New Year,
Paul H.
UNM studies one of a kind meteorite
Mars Meteorite found in Morroco
KRQE news, Albuquerque, January 4, 2012
http://www.krqe.com/dpp/news/education/unm-studied-meteorite-one-of-a-kind
Meteorite has highest water content
of any from Mars, scientists say
By Elizabeth Landau, CNN news
http://lightyears.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/03/meteorite-has-highest-water-content-of-any-from-mars-scientists-say/?hpt=hp_c3
Happy New Year,
Paul H.
Thursday, 3 January 2013
Online PDF Files About Oklahoma's Fossils, Minerals, and Geology
Online PDF Files About Oklahoma's Fossils, Minerals, and Geology
I found a huge source of free, online PDF files of publications about
Oklahoma fossils and geology. it is the Oklahoma Digital Prairie at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/ it is a central and searchable
archive of digital files of thousands of Oklahoma state government
publications. It includes publications of the Oklahoma Geological
Survey. To see a sample of what is availabe just search for either
"fossils" or "paleontology".
For example, a person can find 1. "First Occurrence of
Deinonychus antirrhopus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from
the Antlers Formation (Lower Cretaceous: Aptian-Albian)
of Oklahoma" at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94597/rec/10
2. "Conodonts and conodont biostratigraphy of the McLish and Tulip
Creek formations (middle Ordovician) of south-central Oklahoma." at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94097/rec/1
and 3. "Organic-walled microphytoplankton of the Sylvan Shale
(Richmondian : Upper Ordovician), Arbuckle Mountains,
southern Oklahoma, U.S.A." at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94759/rec/44
PDF files of Oklahoma Geological Survey publications can
also be found at
http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubs.php
Bulletins - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLBulletins.php
Circulars - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLCirculars.php
Guidebooks - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLGBs.php
Happy New Year,
Paul H.
I found a huge source of free, online PDF files of publications about
Oklahoma fossils and geology. it is the Oklahoma Digital Prairie at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/ it is a central and searchable
archive of digital files of thousands of Oklahoma state government
publications. It includes publications of the Oklahoma Geological
Survey. To see a sample of what is availabe just search for either
"fossils" or "paleontology".
For example, a person can find 1. "First Occurrence of
Deinonychus antirrhopus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from
the Antlers Formation (Lower Cretaceous: Aptian-Albian)
of Oklahoma" at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94597/rec/10
2. "Conodonts and conodont biostratigraphy of the McLish and Tulip
Creek formations (middle Ordovician) of south-central Oklahoma." at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94097/rec/1
and 3. "Organic-walled microphytoplankton of the Sylvan Shale
(Richmondian : Upper Ordovician), Arbuckle Mountains,
southern Oklahoma, U.S.A." at
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/stgovpub/id/94759/rec/44
PDF files of Oklahoma Geological Survey publications can
also be found at
http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubs.php
Bulletins - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLBulletins.php
Circulars - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLCirculars.php
Guidebooks - http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsDLGBs.php
Happy New Year,
Paul H.
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