Dark Matter Experiment Finds Nothing
Huge Dark Matter Experiment Finds Nothing but
More Mysteries by Adam Mann, Wired Magazine
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/10/lux-dark-matter/
LUX Dark Matter - http://lux.brown.edu/LUX_dark_matter/Home.html
Publications - http://lux.brown.edu/LUX_dark_matter/Publications.html
PDF file - http://lux.brown.edu/papers/LUX_First_Results_2013.pdf
Dark Matter Experiment Has Detected Nothing,
Researchers Say Proudly, Yime Magazine
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/31/science/space/dark-matter-experiment-has-found-nothing-scientists-say-proudly.html
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-dark-matter-lux-finds-nothing-wimps-20131030,0,78998.story?track=rss#axzz2jGJzZvoG
Yours,
Paul H.
Thursday, 31 October 2013
Sunday, 27 October 2013
Remarkably Preserved Fossil Frog, France (Thaumastosaurus)
Remarkably Preserved Fossil Frog, France (Thaumastosaurus)
Fossil Frog Still Looks Gooey After Over 34 Million
Years by Brian Switek, Laelaps, September 27, 2013
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/27/fossil-frog-still-looks-gooey-after-over-34-million-years/
http://www.pinterest.com/pin/341851427936414887/
The paper is:
Laloy, F., J-C. Rage, S. Evans, R. Boistel, N. Lenoir,
and others, 2013. A re-interpretation of the Eocene anuran
Thaumastosaurus based on microCT examination of a
‘mummified’ specimen. PLoS ONE 8, 9: e74874.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074874
Abstract at:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074874
PDF file at
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074874&representation=PDF
What originally was described as an external cast of an
anuran ‘mummy’ from the Quercy Phosphorites
(southwestern France) contains a large part of the frog's
skeleton as shown by CT scans.
Yours,
Paul H.
Fossil Frog Still Looks Gooey After Over 34 Million
Years by Brian Switek, Laelaps, September 27, 2013
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/27/fossil-frog-still-looks-gooey-after-over-34-million-years/
http://www.pinterest.com/pin/341851427936414887/
The paper is:
Laloy, F., J-C. Rage, S. Evans, R. Boistel, N. Lenoir,
and others, 2013. A re-interpretation of the Eocene anuran
Thaumastosaurus based on microCT examination of a
‘mummified’ specimen. PLoS ONE 8, 9: e74874.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074874
Abstract at:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074874
PDF file at
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0074874&representation=PDF
What originally was described as an external cast of an
anuran ‘mummy’ from the Quercy Phosphorites
(southwestern France) contains a large part of the frog's
skeleton as shown by CT scans.
Yours,
Paul H.
Friday, 25 October 2013
Precambrian target rock mystery
Precambrian target rock mystery
Jack wrote in Precambrian target rock mystery at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg115243.html
"I am thinking an ET origin regarding these targets and
throwing out idea for comments."
and
"Phillis Hargrave et al lead author of the above paper with
the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology has sent me
additional photos to share. The paper should be online."
One publication, Hargarve et al. (2011) is online at:
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/pdf-open-files/mbmg602_SilverCity.pdf
Yes, they are interesting and quite curious. Below is
specifically what Hargarve et al. (2011) stated about them.
"Ys Spokane Formation – Grayish red, dark greenish red, and
purplish red, microlaminated argillite and siltite; contains abundant
mud cracks, ripple marks, etc. The Spokane Formation in this
quadrangle contains many areas where “target” rocks, areas of
concentric bleaching around a central grain, can be found,
especially in the hills west of Little Prickly Pear Creek. These
bleached circles are sometimes single occurrences and are locally
also “constellations” of numerous small circles. The target rocks
are the result of radioactive decay. According to Bregman
(written comm, 2009 the central nodule is high in strontium,
rubidium or any one of a number of radioactive elements derived
from the Grenville Highlands way off to the "east (?)" of the
deposition area. The "target rocks" are usually found in the
Spokane which is normally maroon (though there are some
relatively thin light green beds throughout). The age of the rocks,
about 1.2 (?) billion years old. Enough time for the heat generated
by the radioactive decay to cook (bleach) the color out of the
Spokane. Because heat radiates out in a sphere from the nodules,
the circles are actually spheres (or ellipsoids) sliced by the shale
layers. There probably are the same element nodules in the other
Belt rocks (Greyson, Empire, etc.), but since their normal color,
or weathered color can be not much different than the bleached
out portions, they would be veritably invisible."
The publication is:
Hargrave, P., J. Lonn and M. Bregman, 2011, Geologic Map of
the Silver City 7.5' Quadrangle,West-Central Montana. Montana
Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report no. MBMG 602.
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/pdf-open-files/mbmg602_SilverCity.pdf
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=31402&
Looking at the literature, the Spokane Formation (formerly
Grinnell Formation) has gone through significant metamorphism,
diagenetic alteration, and, in places, copper and other mineralization,
which will make understanding what created them quite complicated.
Jack asked:
"Another geologist suggested the reaction is a type of
geo-chromotography but by what?"
They remind me of and look a lot like reduction haloes, which are
commonly found in redbeds, paleosols, and other strata. Reduction
haloes have also been called "reduction spheroids," "reduction
spots," "fish eyes," "reduction mottling," "bleaching haloes,"
"(radioactive) concretions," and "(radioactive) nodules." There are
various processes by which they have been explained. Some of
them are discussed in:
Dyck, W., and R. H. McCorkell, 1983, A study of uranium-rich
reduction spheroids in sandstones from Pugwash Harbour, Nova
Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. vol. 20, no. 11,
pp. 1738-1746.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/e83-163
Hofmann, B. A., 1991, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of
Reduction Spheroids in Red Beds. Mineralogy and Petrology.
vol. 44, pp. 107-124.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01167103
Hofmann, B., J. P. L. Dearlove, M. Ivanovich, D. A. Lever, D. C.
Green, P. Baertschi, and Tj. Peters, 1987, Evidence of Fossil and
Recent Diffusive Element Migration in Reduction Haloes from
Permian Red-Beds of Northern Switzerland. in B. Come and N. A.
Chapman. eds., pp, 217-238, Natural Analogues in Radioactive
Waste Disposal. Springer, New York, New York.
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-3465-8_21
Kemp, A. J., M. R. Palmer, and K. V. Ragnarsdottir, 1994, The
Uranium-Thorium and rare earth element geochemistry of reduced
nodules from Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Proceedings of the
Ussher Society. vol. 8, pp. 214-218.
http://www.ussher.org.uk/journal/90s/1994/documents/Kemp_et_al_1994.pdf
Lines, A. W., J. Parnell, and D. J. Mossman, 1996, Reduction
spheroids from the Upper Carboniferous Hopewell Group,
Dorchester Cape, New Brunswick: notes on geochemistry,
mineralogy and genesis. Atlantic Geology. vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 159-172.
http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/ag/article/view/2085
http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/ag/article/download/2085/2449
van Panhuys-Sigler, M., N. H. Trewin and J. Still, 1996, Roscoelite
associated with reduction spots in Devonian red beds, Gamrie Bay,
Banffshire. Scottish Journal of Geology. vol. 32, pp. 127-132.
http://sjg.lyellcollection.org/content/32/2/127.abstract
They have been found to have form around a variety of objects,
including roots, "organic matter," and, even in one case in
Swedish limestone, meteorites. In many cases, the identity of
what, if anything, was at the center of a reduction haloes remains
unknown. If a “self-organizing” geochemical processes were involved,
there likely never was either a nucleolus or anything else at the center
of a reduction haloe at any time.
Some pictures of the Spokane Formation (Grinnell Formation) can
be seen in “The Rocks around Glacier National Park, Montana:
Introduction to the formations” at
http://mountainbeltway.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/rocks-of-glacier-national-park/
A ways down there is a picture of “Sometimes there are areas of
low oxidation called reduction spots.” as at:
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4098/4910489039_dac036d1d2.jpg
Yours,
Paul H.
Jack wrote in Precambrian target rock mystery at
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg115243.html
"I am thinking an ET origin regarding these targets and
throwing out idea for comments."
and
"Phillis Hargrave et al lead author of the above paper with
the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology has sent me
additional photos to share. The paper should be online."
One publication, Hargarve et al. (2011) is online at:
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/pdf-open-files/mbmg602_SilverCity.pdf
Yes, they are interesting and quite curious. Below is
specifically what Hargarve et al. (2011) stated about them.
"Ys Spokane Formation – Grayish red, dark greenish red, and
purplish red, microlaminated argillite and siltite; contains abundant
mud cracks, ripple marks, etc. The Spokane Formation in this
quadrangle contains many areas where “target” rocks, areas of
concentric bleaching around a central grain, can be found,
especially in the hills west of Little Prickly Pear Creek. These
bleached circles are sometimes single occurrences and are locally
also “constellations” of numerous small circles. The target rocks
are the result of radioactive decay. According to Bregman
(written comm, 2009 the central nodule is high in strontium,
rubidium or any one of a number of radioactive elements derived
from the Grenville Highlands way off to the "east (?)" of the
deposition area. The "target rocks" are usually found in the
Spokane which is normally maroon (though there are some
relatively thin light green beds throughout). The age of the rocks,
about 1.2 (?) billion years old. Enough time for the heat generated
by the radioactive decay to cook (bleach) the color out of the
Spokane. Because heat radiates out in a sphere from the nodules,
the circles are actually spheres (or ellipsoids) sliced by the shale
layers. There probably are the same element nodules in the other
Belt rocks (Greyson, Empire, etc.), but since their normal color,
or weathered color can be not much different than the bleached
out portions, they would be veritably invisible."
The publication is:
Hargrave, P., J. Lonn and M. Bregman, 2011, Geologic Map of
the Silver City 7.5' Quadrangle,West-Central Montana. Montana
Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report no. MBMG 602.
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/pdf-open-files/mbmg602_SilverCity.pdf
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=31402&
Looking at the literature, the Spokane Formation (formerly
Grinnell Formation) has gone through significant metamorphism,
diagenetic alteration, and, in places, copper and other mineralization,
which will make understanding what created them quite complicated.
Jack asked:
"Another geologist suggested the reaction is a type of
geo-chromotography but by what?"
They remind me of and look a lot like reduction haloes, which are
commonly found in redbeds, paleosols, and other strata. Reduction
haloes have also been called "reduction spheroids," "reduction
spots," "fish eyes," "reduction mottling," "bleaching haloes,"
"(radioactive) concretions," and "(radioactive) nodules." There are
various processes by which they have been explained. Some of
them are discussed in:
Dyck, W., and R. H. McCorkell, 1983, A study of uranium-rich
reduction spheroids in sandstones from Pugwash Harbour, Nova
Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. vol. 20, no. 11,
pp. 1738-1746.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/e83-163
Hofmann, B. A., 1991, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of
Reduction Spheroids in Red Beds. Mineralogy and Petrology.
vol. 44, pp. 107-124.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01167103
Hofmann, B., J. P. L. Dearlove, M. Ivanovich, D. A. Lever, D. C.
Green, P. Baertschi, and Tj. Peters, 1987, Evidence of Fossil and
Recent Diffusive Element Migration in Reduction Haloes from
Permian Red-Beds of Northern Switzerland. in B. Come and N. A.
Chapman. eds., pp, 217-238, Natural Analogues in Radioactive
Waste Disposal. Springer, New York, New York.
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-3465-8_21
Kemp, A. J., M. R. Palmer, and K. V. Ragnarsdottir, 1994, The
Uranium-Thorium and rare earth element geochemistry of reduced
nodules from Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Proceedings of the
Ussher Society. vol. 8, pp. 214-218.
http://www.ussher.org.uk/journal/90s/1994/documents/Kemp_et_al_1994.pdf
Lines, A. W., J. Parnell, and D. J. Mossman, 1996, Reduction
spheroids from the Upper Carboniferous Hopewell Group,
Dorchester Cape, New Brunswick: notes on geochemistry,
mineralogy and genesis. Atlantic Geology. vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 159-172.
http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/ag/article/view/2085
http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/ag/article/download/2085/2449
van Panhuys-Sigler, M., N. H. Trewin and J. Still, 1996, Roscoelite
associated with reduction spots in Devonian red beds, Gamrie Bay,
Banffshire. Scottish Journal of Geology. vol. 32, pp. 127-132.
http://sjg.lyellcollection.org/content/32/2/127.abstract
They have been found to have form around a variety of objects,
including roots, "organic matter," and, even in one case in
Swedish limestone, meteorites. In many cases, the identity of
what, if anything, was at the center of a reduction haloes remains
unknown. If a “self-organizing” geochemical processes were involved,
there likely never was either a nucleolus or anything else at the center
of a reduction haloe at any time.
Some pictures of the Spokane Formation (Grinnell Formation) can
be seen in “The Rocks around Glacier National Park, Montana:
Introduction to the formations” at
http://mountainbeltway.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/rocks-of-glacier-national-park/
A ways down there is a picture of “Sometimes there are areas of
low oxidation called reduction spots.” as at:
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4098/4910489039_dac036d1d2.jpg
Yours,
Paul H.
A Canadian Connection To The Grand Canyon?
A Canadian Connection To The Grand Canyon?
Sears, W. J., 2013, Late Oligocene–early Miocene Grand Canyon:
A Canadian connection? GSA Today. vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 4-10
Full text at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/11/abstract/i1052-5173-23-11-4.htm
PDF file of article at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/11/pdf/i1052-5173-23-11-4.pdf
PDF of full issue at
ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt1311.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
Sears, W. J., 2013, Late Oligocene–early Miocene Grand Canyon:
A Canadian connection? GSA Today. vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 4-10
Full text at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/11/abstract/i1052-5173-23-11-4.htm
PDF file of article at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/11/pdf/i1052-5173-23-11-4.pdf
PDF of full issue at
ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt1311.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 23 October 2013
High School Student Discovers Skeleton of Baby Dinosaur (Utah)
High School Student Discovers Skeleton of Baby Dinosaur (Utah)
High School Student Discovers Skeleton of Baby Dinosaur (Utah)
Science Daily, Oct. 22, 2013,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131022091759.htm
Paleontologists Find Rare Fossil of Young Dinosaur Parasaurolophus
Sci-News.com, Oct 22, 2013,
http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/science-fossil-dinosaur-parasaurolophus-01483.html
High school student discovers skeleton of baby dinosaur, press
release, http://dinosaurjoe.org/media/press-release/ and web
page at http://dinosaurjoe.org/
Farke. A. A., and others, 2013, Ontogeny in the tube-crested dinosaur
Parasaurolophus (Hadrosauridae) and heterochrony in hadrosaurids.
PeerJ 1: e182; doi: 10.7717/peerj.182 https://peerj.com/articles/182/
Yours,
Paul H.
High School Student Discovers Skeleton of Baby Dinosaur (Utah)
Science Daily, Oct. 22, 2013,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131022091759.htm
Paleontologists Find Rare Fossil of Young Dinosaur Parasaurolophus
Sci-News.com, Oct 22, 2013,
http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/science-fossil-dinosaur-parasaurolophus-01483.html
High school student discovers skeleton of baby dinosaur, press
release, http://dinosaurjoe.org/media/press-release/ and web
page at http://dinosaurjoe.org/
Farke. A. A., and others, 2013, Ontogeny in the tube-crested dinosaur
Parasaurolophus (Hadrosauridae) and heterochrony in hadrosaurids.
PeerJ 1: e182; doi: 10.7717/peerj.182 https://peerj.com/articles/182/
Yours,
Paul H.
Monday, 21 October 2013
Ongoing Geological Research Into Devonian Mass Extinction
Ongoing Geological Research Into Devonian Mass Extinction
Appalachian geology professors collect evidence
of mass extinction that occurred in Central Asia
Appalachian State UniversityNews, October 8, 2013
http://www.news.appstate.edu/2013/10/08/mass-extinction/
Yours,
Paul H.
Appalachian geology professors collect evidence
of mass extinction that occurred in Central Asia
Appalachian State UniversityNews, October 8, 2013
http://www.news.appstate.edu/2013/10/08/mass-extinction/
Yours,
Paul H.
Forest National Park and Potash, Arizona
Forest National Park and Potash, Arizona
Earth Notes: Potash and the Petrified Forest
KNAU Arizona Public Radio, October 16, 2013
http://knau.org/post/earth-notes-potash-and-petrified-forest
Potash in the park: Miners survey deposits
around Petrified Forest, Arizona Daily Sun
http://azdailysun.com/news/local/potash-in-the-park-miners-survey-deposits-around-petrified-forest/article_57123aa8-07cc-11e3-99f1-001a4bcf887a.html
Major Potash Deposit Near Holbrook, Arizona.
Arizona Geological Survey, 2011
http://www.azgs.az.gov/minerals_potash.shtml
http://www.holbrookbasin.org/potash_deposit.htm
Yours,
Paul H.
Earth Notes: Potash and the Petrified Forest
KNAU Arizona Public Radio, October 16, 2013
http://knau.org/post/earth-notes-potash-and-petrified-forest
Potash in the park: Miners survey deposits
around Petrified Forest, Arizona Daily Sun
http://azdailysun.com/news/local/potash-in-the-park-miners-survey-deposits-around-petrified-forest/article_57123aa8-07cc-11e3-99f1-001a4bcf887a.html
Major Potash Deposit Near Holbrook, Arizona.
Arizona Geological Survey, 2011
http://www.azgs.az.gov/minerals_potash.shtml
http://www.holbrookbasin.org/potash_deposit.htm
Yours,
Paul H.
Sunday, 20 October 2013
Geologic Map Day
Geologic Map Day
http://www.earthsciweek.org/geologicmap/
The prettiest information resources: Geologic maps
Information Culture, Scientific American by Bonnie
Swoger, October 18, 2013, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/2013/10/18/the-prettiest-information-resources-geologic-maps/
Digital geologic maps of US States
http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/
Database of the Geologic Map of North America—
adapted from the Map by J.C. Reed, Jr. and others
(2005), U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 424
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/424/
OneGeology Portal – Geologic map of the world
http://portal.onegeology.org/
Not geological Maps, but still useful collection of
historical topographic maps, which can be
downloaded as GeoPDFs
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/maps/TopoView/
Yours,
Paul H.
http://www.earthsciweek.org/geologicmap/
The prettiest information resources: Geologic maps
Information Culture, Scientific American by Bonnie
Swoger, October 18, 2013, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/information-culture/2013/10/18/the-prettiest-information-resources-geologic-maps/
Digital geologic maps of US States
http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/
Database of the Geologic Map of North America—
adapted from the Map by J.C. Reed, Jr. and others
(2005), U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 424
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/424/
OneGeology Portal – Geologic map of the world
http://portal.onegeology.org/
Not geological Maps, but still useful collection of
historical topographic maps, which can be
downloaded as GeoPDFs
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/maps/TopoView/
Yours,
Paul H.
Friday, 18 October 2013
What Does A Real Astronaut Think Of 'Gravity'?
What Does A Real Astronaut Think Of 'Gravity'?
Forbes Magazine, Oct. 17, 2013
http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2013/10/17/what-does-a-real-astronaut-think-of-gravity/
Both my wife and i saw the movie and enjoyed it.
I agree with the interview that movies are not reality
and can be forgiven for taking artistic license as they
are meant to be entertainment, not college courses.
Yours,
Paul H.
Forbes Magazine, Oct. 17, 2013
http://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2013/10/17/what-does-a-real-astronaut-think-of-gravity/
Both my wife and i saw the movie and enjoyed it.
I agree with the interview that movies are not reality
and can be forgiven for taking artistic license as they
are meant to be entertainment, not college courses.
Yours,
Paul H.
Corossol Impact Structure, Quebec, Canada
Corossol Impact Structure, Quebec, Canada
Back in 2011, Higgins et al. (2011) published an extended
abstract about what they called the Corossol Impact
Crater, which is a 4-km diameter impact structure that
lies off of the coast of Sept-Iles in Gulf of St Lawrence,
Canada. They suggested that it might be as young as
12,900 BP based upon calibrated radiocarbon dates
from shells in marine sediments that directly overlie the
structure.
However, I am skeptical of it being a terminal Pleistocene
crater in that the colored relief map shown in that extended
abstract show a badly eroded impact structure that has
been strongly modified by erosion. The feature shown in
Figure 1 looks nothing like a pristine impact crater that was
created close to 12,900 years ago. In addition the calibrated
radiocarbon date corresponds exactly to the point in time
that various maps showing reconstructing the deglaciation
of North America indicate that this part of Canada became
ice-free as the Laurentide Ice Sheet melted back. Thus, the
12,900 BP date could very well be a minimum date that
indicates only when the site of the impact structure became
ice-free and sediments containing datable could
accumulate after being scoured by a continental ice sheet.
Finally, Higgins et al. (2011) pointed out that this impact
structure could be any age between 12,900 BP and local
470 million year old sedimentary rocks. This left it as an
uncertain candidate for a terminal Pleistocene impact.
More recently, I found an abstract by Locat et al. (2012).
After an analysis of "excellent" multibeam sonar coverage
of the area, they concluded on the basis of its surface
morphology that this impact structure exhibited the
characteristics of glacial erosion. Based upon other
morphological criteria, they estimated the minimum age
of this impact structure to about 20 million years. They
assigned a tentative age to it that ranged between 20 to
470 million years. Although this is still quite a range of
age, the estimated minimum age of 20 million years,
if it holds, would make it far too old to be the result of
an terminal Pleistocene impact. Also, a 20 million year
minimum age seems to be far more consistent with the
eroded appearance of this impact structure than a
12,900 BP age. if this impact structure is glacially
eroded, then it would even more unlikely that this is
the result of a terminal Pleistocene impact given the
glacial history of the region. However, further research
into the age of this impact structure is still needed.
Reference Cited
Higgins M. D., P. Lajeunesse, G. St-Onge, J. Locat, M.
Duchesne, J. Ortiz, and R. Sanfacon, 2011, Bathymetric and
Petrological Evidence for a Young (Pleistocene?) 4-km
Diameter Impact Crater in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence,
Canada. 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
(2011), Abstract #1504.
Locat, J., P. Lajeunesse, G. St-Onge, M. Duchesne,
M. D. Higgins, R. Sanfacon, and J. Ortiz, 2012, A
morphological analysis for estimating the age of a
possible impact structure; the Corossol Structure
on the seafloor of the northwestern Gulf of St
Lawrence Eastern Canada. Congres Geologique
International, Resumes. vol. 34, pp. 3440.
Yours,
Paul H.
Back in 2011, Higgins et al. (2011) published an extended
abstract about what they called the Corossol Impact
Crater, which is a 4-km diameter impact structure that
lies off of the coast of Sept-Iles in Gulf of St Lawrence,
Canada. They suggested that it might be as young as
12,900 BP based upon calibrated radiocarbon dates
from shells in marine sediments that directly overlie the
structure.
However, I am skeptical of it being a terminal Pleistocene
crater in that the colored relief map shown in that extended
abstract show a badly eroded impact structure that has
been strongly modified by erosion. The feature shown in
Figure 1 looks nothing like a pristine impact crater that was
created close to 12,900 years ago. In addition the calibrated
radiocarbon date corresponds exactly to the point in time
that various maps showing reconstructing the deglaciation
of North America indicate that this part of Canada became
ice-free as the Laurentide Ice Sheet melted back. Thus, the
12,900 BP date could very well be a minimum date that
indicates only when the site of the impact structure became
ice-free and sediments containing datable could
accumulate after being scoured by a continental ice sheet.
Finally, Higgins et al. (2011) pointed out that this impact
structure could be any age between 12,900 BP and local
470 million year old sedimentary rocks. This left it as an
uncertain candidate for a terminal Pleistocene impact.
More recently, I found an abstract by Locat et al. (2012).
After an analysis of "excellent" multibeam sonar coverage
of the area, they concluded on the basis of its surface
morphology that this impact structure exhibited the
characteristics of glacial erosion. Based upon other
morphological criteria, they estimated the minimum age
of this impact structure to about 20 million years. They
assigned a tentative age to it that ranged between 20 to
470 million years. Although this is still quite a range of
age, the estimated minimum age of 20 million years,
if it holds, would make it far too old to be the result of
an terminal Pleistocene impact. Also, a 20 million year
minimum age seems to be far more consistent with the
eroded appearance of this impact structure than a
12,900 BP age. if this impact structure is glacially
eroded, then it would even more unlikely that this is
the result of a terminal Pleistocene impact given the
glacial history of the region. However, further research
into the age of this impact structure is still needed.
Reference Cited
Higgins M. D., P. Lajeunesse, G. St-Onge, J. Locat, M.
Duchesne, J. Ortiz, and R. Sanfacon, 2011, Bathymetric and
Petrological Evidence for a Young (Pleistocene?) 4-km
Diameter Impact Crater in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence,
Canada. 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
(2011), Abstract #1504.
Locat, J., P. Lajeunesse, G. St-Onge, M. Duchesne,
M. D. Higgins, R. Sanfacon, and J. Ortiz, 2012, A
morphological analysis for estimating the age of a
possible impact structure; the Corossol Structure
on the seafloor of the northwestern Gulf of St
Lawrence Eastern Canada. Congres Geologique
International, Resumes. vol. 34, pp. 3440.
Yours,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 16 October 2013
Meteorite pulled from Lake Chebarkul, Russia
Meteorite pulled from Lake Chebarkul, Russia
Meteorite pulled from Russian lake, BBC News, Oct. 16, 2103
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24550941
Scientists find half-ton chunk of Chelyabinsk meteor on bottom
of Russian lake, Associated Press and The Telegraph
http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/16/scientists-find-half-ton-chunk-of-chelyabinsk-meteor-on-bottom-of-russian-lake/
Russian meteor fragment literally breaks the scales,
by Elizabeth Barber, Christian Science Monitor, Oct. 16, 2013
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/1016/Russian-meteor-fragment-literally-breaks-the-scales
Yours,
Paul H.
Meteorite pulled from Russian lake, BBC News, Oct. 16, 2103
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24550941
Scientists find half-ton chunk of Chelyabinsk meteor on bottom
of Russian lake, Associated Press and The Telegraph
http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/10/16/scientists-find-half-ton-chunk-of-chelyabinsk-meteor-on-bottom-of-russian-lake/
Russian meteor fragment literally breaks the scales,
by Elizabeth Barber, Christian Science Monitor, Oct. 16, 2013
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/1016/Russian-meteor-fragment-literally-breaks-the-scales
Yours,
Paul H.
Tuesday, 15 October 2013
Fantastic Space Shuttle Launch Video
Fantastic Space Shuttle Launch Video
Absolutely mindblowing video shot from the
Space Shuttle during launch, io9.com
http://io9.com/5893615/absolutely-mindblowing-video-shot-from-the-space-shuttle-during-launch
yours,
Paul H.
Absolutely mindblowing video shot from the
Space Shuttle during launch, io9.com
http://io9.com/5893615/absolutely-mindblowing-video-shot-from-the-space-shuttle-during-launch
yours,
Paul H.
Monday, 14 October 2013
Penn Dixie Fossil Site, Blasdell, New York
Penn Dixie Fossil Site, Blasdell, New York
They’ll never run out of fossils at Penn Dixie
by Barbara O’Brien, The Buffalo News,
Oct. 13, 2013, http://www.buffalonews.com/spotlight/theyll-never-run-out-of-fossils-at-penn-dixie-20131013
Penn Dixie Paleontological and Outdoor
Education Center, http://penndixie.org/
Penn Dixie Fossils, http://penndixie.org/paleo/fossils/hp.html
For Goggle Earth fans, the latitude and
longitude of the Penn Dixie Fossil Site is:
Latitude: 42°46'39.92"N (42.777756°)
Longitude: 78°49'55.98"W (-78.832217°)
Google Earth provides a very nice aerial
overview of the Penn Dixie Fossil Site.
Yours,
Paul H.
They’ll never run out of fossils at Penn Dixie
by Barbara O’Brien, The Buffalo News,
Oct. 13, 2013, http://www.buffalonews.com/spotlight/theyll-never-run-out-of-fossils-at-penn-dixie-20131013
Penn Dixie Paleontological and Outdoor
Education Center, http://penndixie.org/
Penn Dixie Fossils, http://penndixie.org/paleo/fossils/hp.html
For Goggle Earth fans, the latitude and
longitude of the Penn Dixie Fossil Site is:
Latitude: 42°46'39.92"N (42.777756°)
Longitude: 78°49'55.98"W (-78.832217°)
Google Earth provides a very nice aerial
overview of the Penn Dixie Fossil Site.
Yours,
Paul H.
Age of the Moon and Its Craters
Age of the Moon and Its Craters
Dating the Moon's basins by Emily Lakdawalla, The
Planetary Society, September 26, 2103
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2013/09261218-dating-the-moons-basins.html
Fassett, C. I., J. W. Head, S. J. J. Kadish, E. Mazarico,
G. A. Neumann, D. Smith, and M. T. Zuber (in press),
Lunar impact basins: Stratigraphy, sequence and ages
from superposed impact crater populations measured
from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data, J.
Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JE003951, in press.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/pip/2011JE003951.shtml
Relative and absolute ages in the histories of Earth and the
Moon: The Geologic Time Scale by Emily Lakdawalla
The Planetary Society, September 30, 2013
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2013/09301225-geologic-time-scale-earth-moon.html
Age of the Moon
Moon is younger than first thought, Phys.Org, Sept. 25, 2013
http://phys.org/news/2013-09-moon-younger-thought.html
http://www.space.com/22894-moon-age-100-million-years-younger.html
Origin of the moon, 9:00 am on Monday 23 September
2013 – 5:00 pm on Tuesday 24 September 2013, The
Royal Society, London, Audio recordings are now posted.
http://royalsociety.org/events/2013/origin-moon/
Yours,
Paul H.
Dating the Moon's basins by Emily Lakdawalla, The
Planetary Society, September 26, 2103
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2013/09261218-dating-the-moons-basins.html
Fassett, C. I., J. W. Head, S. J. J. Kadish, E. Mazarico,
G. A. Neumann, D. Smith, and M. T. Zuber (in press),
Lunar impact basins: Stratigraphy, sequence and ages
from superposed impact crater populations measured
from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data, J.
Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JE003951, in press.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/pip/2011JE003951.shtml
Relative and absolute ages in the histories of Earth and the
Moon: The Geologic Time Scale by Emily Lakdawalla
The Planetary Society, September 30, 2013
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2013/09301225-geologic-time-scale-earth-moon.html
Age of the Moon
Moon is younger than first thought, Phys.Org, Sept. 25, 2013
http://phys.org/news/2013-09-moon-younger-thought.html
http://www.space.com/22894-moon-age-100-million-years-younger.html
Origin of the moon, 9:00 am on Monday 23 September
2013 – 5:00 pm on Tuesday 24 September 2013, The
Royal Society, London, Audio recordings are now posted.
http://royalsociety.org/events/2013/origin-moon/
Yours,
Paul H.
Saturday, 12 October 2013
Charles Burney Jr. and the term 'asteroid'
Charles Burney Jr. and the term 'asteroid'
In “Charles Burney Jr. and the term 'asteroid'” at:
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg115133.html
Martin wrote:
> this sounds interesting:
>
>Greek scholar invented the term asteroid, researcher reveals
>
>http://www.lodinews.com/ap/nation/article_3c86d500-3070-11e3-9637-10604b9f0f42.html
I keep getting error 404 messages for this URL. Below are
additional URLs for people to look at:
Greek scholar invented the term 'asteroid' Stuff.co.nz, October 10, 2013
http://www.stuff.co.nz/science/9262248/Greek-scholar-invented-the-term-asteroid
Local expert reveals who really coined the word 'asteroid'
by Robert Nolin, Sun Sentinel, October 8, 2013
http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2013-10-08/news/fl-asteroid-word-origin-20131008_1_asteroid-word-planetary-sciences
http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/10/where-did-the-word-asteroid-really-come-from/
Yours,
Paul H
In “Charles Burney Jr. and the term 'asteroid'” at:
http://www.mail-archive.com/meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com/msg115133.html
Martin wrote:
> this sounds interesting:
>
>Greek scholar invented the term asteroid, researcher reveals
>
>http://www.lodinews.com/ap/nation/article_3c86d500-3070-11e3-9637-10604b9f0f42.html
I keep getting error 404 messages for this URL. Below are
additional URLs for people to look at:
Greek scholar invented the term 'asteroid' Stuff.co.nz, October 10, 2013
http://www.stuff.co.nz/science/9262248/Greek-scholar-invented-the-term-asteroid
Local expert reveals who really coined the word 'asteroid'
by Robert Nolin, Sun Sentinel, October 8, 2013
http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2013-10-08/news/fl-asteroid-word-origin-20131008_1_asteroid-word-planetary-sciences
http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/10/where-did-the-word-asteroid-really-come-from/
Yours,
Paul H
A dangerous game of "cosmic roulette"?
A dangerous game of "cosmic roulette"?
The "60 Minutes" segment about near Earth asteroids and
the threat that they pose is now online for viewing. It is:
A dangerous game of "cosmic roulette"? October 6, 2013
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50156579n
All about asteroids by 60 Minutes Overtime Staff, October 6, 2013
http://www.cbsnews.com/8334-504803_162-57606239-10391709/all-about-asteroids/
Yours,
Paul H.
The "60 Minutes" segment about near Earth asteroids and
the threat that they pose is now online for viewing. It is:
A dangerous game of "cosmic roulette"? October 6, 2013
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50156579n
All about asteroids by 60 Minutes Overtime Staff, October 6, 2013
http://www.cbsnews.com/8334-504803_162-57606239-10391709/all-about-asteroids/
Yours,
Paul H.
Friday, 11 October 2013
New Type of Impact Crater Discovered On Mars
New Type of Impact Crater Discovered On Mars
New Type of Impact Crater Discovered On Mars, Science Daily,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131009095731.htm
Up-Close Look At Mars Reveals New Type Of Impact Crater
RedOrbit-20, October 9, 2013,
http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112970717/new-type-of-impact-crater-found-on-mars-100913/
The Case Of The Curious Crater, October 10, 2013
http://www.redorbit.com/news/video/space_2/1112971969/mars-craters-low-aspect-ratio-layered-ejecta-101013/
Yours,
Paul H.
New Type of Impact Crater Discovered On Mars, Science Daily,
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131009095731.htm
Up-Close Look At Mars Reveals New Type Of Impact Crater
RedOrbit-20, October 9, 2013,
http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1112970717/new-type-of-impact-crater-found-on-mars-100913/
The Case Of The Curious Crater, October 10, 2013
http://www.redorbit.com/news/video/space_2/1112971969/mars-craters-low-aspect-ratio-layered-ejecta-101013/
Yours,
Paul H.
Thursday, 10 October 2013
Chelyabinsk Meteorites Reveal Evidence of Prehistoric Cosmic Collision
Chelyabinsk Meteorites Reveal Evidence of Prehistoric Cosmic Collision
Meteorites from Russian explosion reveal signs of cosmic
crashes by Elizabeth Howell Space.com, NBC News
http://www.nbcnews.com/science/meteorites-russian-explosion-reveal-signs-cosmic-crashes-8C11358914
http://www.space.com/23112-russian-meteor-explosion-meteorites-cosmic-crashes.html
Insights from space rocks left after meteor exploded over
Russia, EarthSky , October 8, 2013
http://earthsky.org/space/insights-from-space-rocks-left-after-meteor-exploded-over-russia
Russian meteor was partially formed from hard to spot
'dark asteroid' material, The Telegraph, October 9, 2013
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/10366055/Russian-meteor-was-partially-formed-from-hard-to-spot-dark-asteroid-material.html
An earlier article is:
Russian Meteor Explosion: Space Rock Had Near-Misses
Before Impact by C. Moskowitz, SPACE.com, Aug. 26, 2013 ET
http://www.space.com/22536-russia-meteor-explosion-chelyabinsk-near-miss.html
Yours,
Paul H.
Meteorites from Russian explosion reveal signs of cosmic
crashes by Elizabeth Howell Space.com, NBC News
http://www.nbcnews.com/science/meteorites-russian-explosion-reveal-signs-cosmic-crashes-8C11358914
http://www.space.com/23112-russian-meteor-explosion-meteorites-cosmic-crashes.html
Insights from space rocks left after meteor exploded over
Russia, EarthSky , October 8, 2013
http://earthsky.org/space/insights-from-space-rocks-left-after-meteor-exploded-over-russia
Russian meteor was partially formed from hard to spot
'dark asteroid' material, The Telegraph, October 9, 2013
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/10366055/Russian-meteor-was-partially-formed-from-hard-to-spot-dark-asteroid-material.html
An earlier article is:
Russian Meteor Explosion: Space Rock Had Near-Misses
Before Impact by C. Moskowitz, SPACE.com, Aug. 26, 2013 ET
http://www.space.com/22536-russia-meteor-explosion-chelyabinsk-near-miss.html
Yours,
Paul H.
Wednesday, 9 October 2013
Alamo impact, Nevada, Theses (Online)
Alamo impact, Nevada, Theses (Online)
Some online publications about the Alamo
Impact in southeastern Nevada are:
Anderson, J., 2008, Reconstructing the Aftermath
of the Late Devonian Alamo Meteor Impact in
the Pahranagat Range, Southeastern Nevada.
unpublished MS thesis, Department of
Geosciences, Idaho State University, Moscow,
Idaho, May, 2008. 191 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Anderson_Julia_2008.pdf
Retzler, R. J., 2013, Post-Impact Depositional
Environments as a Proxy for Crater. Architecture,
Late Devonian, Alamo Impact Event, Nevada.
unpublished MS thesis, Department of
Geosciences, Idaho State University, Moscow,
Idaho, Summer 2013. 94 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Retzler.Andrew.2013.pdf
Sheffield, J. W. 2011, Reassessing Stratigraphic
Patterns of the Alamo Impact Deposits Using a
Relational Database and GIS Analytical Tools,
Lincoln County, Nevada. unpublished MS
thesis, Department of Geosciences, Idaho State
University, Moscow, Idaho, May 2010,
February 2011. 103 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Sheffield_Joseph_2011.pdf
Thomason, C. J., 2010, Recovery of the carbonate
platform and fauna in the aftermath of the Late
Devonian Alamo Impact, Hiko Hills Range,
Southeastern Nevada. unpublished MS thesis,
Department of Geosciences, Idaho State
University, Moscow, Idaho, May 2010. 257 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Thomason_Carrie_2010_ISU.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
Some online publications about the Alamo
Impact in southeastern Nevada are:
Anderson, J., 2008, Reconstructing the Aftermath
of the Late Devonian Alamo Meteor Impact in
the Pahranagat Range, Southeastern Nevada.
unpublished MS thesis, Department of
Geosciences, Idaho State University, Moscow,
Idaho, May, 2008. 191 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Anderson_Julia_2008.pdf
Retzler, R. J., 2013, Post-Impact Depositional
Environments as a Proxy for Crater. Architecture,
Late Devonian, Alamo Impact Event, Nevada.
unpublished MS thesis, Department of
Geosciences, Idaho State University, Moscow,
Idaho, Summer 2013. 94 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Retzler.Andrew.2013.pdf
Sheffield, J. W. 2011, Reassessing Stratigraphic
Patterns of the Alamo Impact Deposits Using a
Relational Database and GIS Analytical Tools,
Lincoln County, Nevada. unpublished MS
thesis, Department of Geosciences, Idaho State
University, Moscow, Idaho, May 2010,
February 2011. 103 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Sheffield_Joseph_2011.pdf
Thomason, C. J., 2010, Recovery of the carbonate
platform and fauna in the aftermath of the Late
Devonian Alamo Impact, Hiko Hills Range,
Southeastern Nevada. unpublished MS thesis,
Department of Geosciences, Idaho State
University, Moscow, Idaho, May 2010. 257 pp.
http://geology.isu.edu/thesis/Thomason_Carrie_2010_ISU.pdf
Yours,
Paul H.
New Research On Libyan Desert Glass
New Research On Libyan Desert Glass
Note: In the below news articles, I am not responsible
for their content. Blame either the reporters or the
original press release for any inaccuracies.
First ever evidence of a comet striking Earth, Physorg.
http://phys.org/news/2013-10-evidence-comet-earth.html
Scientists in Comet Strike Discovery, AllAfrica.com
http://allafrica.com/stories/201310081162.html
Comet Rained ‘Shock Wave of Fire’ on Sahara Desert
By Antony Sguazzin, Bloomberg, October 8, 2013
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-08/comet-rained-shock-wave-of-fire-on-sahara-desert.html
Comet collided with earth 28 million years ago:
researchers, Toronto Sun, October 8, 2103
http://www.torontosun.com/2013/10/08/comet-collided-with-earth-28-million-years-ago-researchers
Yours,
Paul H.
Note: In the below news articles, I am not responsible
for their content. Blame either the reporters or the
original press release for any inaccuracies.
First ever evidence of a comet striking Earth, Physorg.
http://phys.org/news/2013-10-evidence-comet-earth.html
Scientists in Comet Strike Discovery, AllAfrica.com
http://allafrica.com/stories/201310081162.html
Comet Rained ‘Shock Wave of Fire’ on Sahara Desert
By Antony Sguazzin, Bloomberg, October 8, 2013
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-08/comet-rained-shock-wave-of-fire-on-sahara-desert.html
Comet collided with earth 28 million years ago:
researchers, Toronto Sun, October 8, 2103
http://www.torontosun.com/2013/10/08/comet-collided-with-earth-28-million-years-ago-researchers
Yours,
Paul H.
Sunday, 6 October 2013
What Did the Continents Look Like Millions of Years Ago?
What Did the Continents Look Like Millions of Years Ago?
An artist-geologist renders the history of the Earth with maps.
by Geoff Manaugh and Nicola Twilley, The Atlantic Sept. 23 2013
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/what-did-the-continents-look-like-millions-of-years-ago/279892/
Paleogeographic and Tectonic History of Western North
America: http://cpgeosystems.com/wnampalgeog.html
Western North America Paleogeographic Maps
http://cpgeosystems.com/wnam.html
Paleogeography (Home Page) http://cpgeosystems.com/
Yours,
Paul H.
An artist-geologist renders the history of the Earth with maps.
by Geoff Manaugh and Nicola Twilley, The Atlantic Sept. 23 2013
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/what-did-the-continents-look-like-millions-of-years-ago/279892/
Paleogeographic and Tectonic History of Western North
America: http://cpgeosystems.com/wnampalgeog.html
Western North America Paleogeographic Maps
http://cpgeosystems.com/wnam.html
Paleogeography (Home Page) http://cpgeosystems.com/
Yours,
Paul H.
Friday, 4 October 2013
Taphonomy of Fossil Forests Paper (PDF Version)
Taphonomy of Fossil Forests Paper (PDF Version)
The PDF version of a great paper about fossil forests is
online and can be downloaded for free. The paper is:
DiMichele, W. A., and H. J. Falcon-Lang, 2011, Pennsylvanian
'fossil forests' in growth position (T0 assemblages): origin,
taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights. Journal of the
Geological Society. vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 585-605.
It can be downloaded from:
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/15971
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/15971/1/paleo_2011_DiMichele_Falcon_Lang_T0Assemblages_JGeolSoc.pdf
Downloadable PDF files of more papers about
Carboniferous plant fossils can be found at
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=DiMichele ,
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=Pennsylvanian ,
and http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=Falcon-Lang
Yours,
Paul H.
The PDF version of a great paper about fossil forests is
online and can be downloaded for free. The paper is:
DiMichele, W. A., and H. J. Falcon-Lang, 2011, Pennsylvanian
'fossil forests' in growth position (T0 assemblages): origin,
taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights. Journal of the
Geological Society. vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 585-605.
It can be downloaded from:
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/15971
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/15971/1/paleo_2011_DiMichele_Falcon_Lang_T0Assemblages_JGeolSoc.pdf
Downloadable PDF files of more papers about
Carboniferous plant fossils can be found at
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=DiMichele ,
http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=Pennsylvanian ,
and http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/handle/10088/2845/simple-search?query=Falcon-Lang
Yours,
Paul H.
Literature searches with Google Scholar
Literature searches with Google Scholar
I found the below article, which can be
downloaded for free, quite interesting.
DeGraff, J. V., N. DeGraff, and H. C. Romesburg,
2013, Literature searches with Google Scholar:
Knowing what you are and are not getting. GSA
Today. vol. 23, no. 10, pp 44-45.
The links are:
PDF file at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/pdf/i1052-5173-23-10-44.pdf
Online text at:
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/article/i1052-5173-23-10-44.htm
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/
My apologies,
Paul H.
I found the below article, which can be
downloaded for free, quite interesting.
DeGraff, J. V., N. DeGraff, and H. C. Romesburg,
2013, Literature searches with Google Scholar:
Knowing what you are and are not getting. GSA
Today. vol. 23, no. 10, pp 44-45.
The links are:
PDF file at
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/pdf/i1052-5173-23-10-44.pdf
Online text at:
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/article/i1052-5173-23-10-44.htm
http://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/
My apologies,
Paul H.
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